Urine biomarkers of schistosomiais and its associated bladder cancer

BACKGROUND: The gathered archeopathological evidence has confirmed that Schistosomiasis has been endemic in Ancient Egypt for over 500 decades. The association between Schistosoma hematobium and increase bladder cancer risk is also well acknowledged. However, over the years, there is a proved changing pattern of bladder cancer that needs to be investigated. AIM: We aim to discuss the truths and myths about bladder cancer and its association with Schistosomiasis in Egypt. METHODS: A cross-sectional, case-control study was performed to collect recent data on the topic. RESULTS: Of the reported cancer cases, 79.3% were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), an additional 6% showed associated squamous features. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted only 13.8% of cancer cases. Schistosomiasis was histologically confirmed in 19 cancer cases, only one was SCC. The relative frequency of TCC is increasing, while SCC is decreasing. There is no evidence that this pattern is related to smoking or environmental factors, as the incidence of lung cancer, is not proportionately increasing. CONCLUSION: The old concept that Schistosomiasis is associated with SCC should be revaluated as most cases are associated with TCC. Relying on the histopathology for confirmation of Schistosomiasis in our research studies appears to be non-accurate and leads to irrelevant results.

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“…-The studies on the molecular basis of bladder cancer in Egypt and its changing patterns are limited [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50].…”

Section: Limitations Of Previous Research Studies In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Truths and Myths

Amin

Kobaisi²,

Samir

2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…At the same time, this immune modulation by parasite toward Th1 response increases their survival chance. Infection of Schistosoma has been associated with loss of function to p15, p16, and p27 genes due to gene deletion, which are known as tumor suppressor genes; they encode proteins to negatively regulate G(1)-S cell cycle check point (Botelho et al, 2009b; Eissa et al, 2015). In an Egyptian study involving 168 tumor tissues, all the SABCs and SCC cases were having this deletion (Eissa et al, 2000).…”

Section: Histopathological and Experimental Evidencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Agent Eminent Disease: Linking Human Helminthic Infection, Inflammation, and Malignancy

Arora

Kaur

Anjum

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Helminthic parasitic infection is grossly prevalent across the globe and is considered a significant factor in human cancer occurrence induced by biological agents. Although only three helminths (Schistosoma haematobium, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini) so far have been directly associated with carcinogenesis; there are evidence suggesting the involvement of other species too. Broadly, human helminthiasis can cause chronic inflammation, genetic instability, and host immune modulation by affecting inter- and intracellular communications, disruption of proliferation–anti-proliferation pathways, and stimulation of malignant stem cell progeny. These changes ultimately lead to tumor development through the secretion of soluble factors that interact with host cells. However, the detailed mechanisms by which helminths introduce and promote malignant transformation of host cells are still not clear. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of immune-pathogenesis of helminth parasites, which have been associated with carcinogenesis, and how these infections initiate carcinogenesis in the host.

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“…The disease is currently endemic in 76 different countries and over 800 million people are at risk of infection [3, 4]. Estimates claim that over 200,000 people die every year from the immunosuppressive and carcinogenic effects of the infection [5–7]. It decreases resistance to other harmful diseases including hepatitis B, HIV and malaria [8–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata

et al. 2019

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Background Schistosomiasis is a harmful neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp., such as Schistosoma mansoni. Schistosoma must transition within a molluscan host to survive. Chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that host identification involves chemosensation, including naïve host preference. Proteomic technique advances enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata snail-conditioned water (SCW) to identify potential attractants and deterrents. Methods Behavioural bioassays were performed on S. mansoni miracidia to compare the effects of susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve B. glabrata SCW. The F1 resistant and susceptible B. glabrata SCW excretory–secretory proteins (ESPs) were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, identified with LC-MS/MS and compared to naïve snail ESPs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses based on published studies (including experiments, co-expression, text-mining and gene fusion) identified S. mansoni and B. glabrata protein interaction. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015129. Results A total of 291, 410 and 597 ESPs were detected in the susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve SCW, respectively. Less overlap in ESPs was identified between susceptible and naïve snails than F1 resistant and naïve snails. F1 resistant B. glabrata ESPs were predominately associated with anti-pathogen activity and detoxification, such as leukocyte elastase and peroxiredoxin. Susceptible B. glabrata several proteins correlated with immunity and anti-inflammation, such as glutathione S-transferase and zinc metalloproteinase, and S. mansoni sporocyst presence. PPI analyses found that uncharacterised S. mansoni protein Smp_142140.1 potentially interacts with numerous B. glabrata proteins. Conclusions This study identified ESPs released by F1 resistant, susceptible and naïve B. glabrata to explain S. mansoni miracidia interplay. Susceptible B. glabrata ESPs shed light on potential S. mansoni miracidia deterrents. Further targeted research on specific ESPs identified in this study could help inhibit B. glabrata and S. mansoni interactions and stop human schistosomiasis.

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Urine biomarkers of schistosomiais and its associated bladder cancer

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Truths and Myths

Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Truths and Myths

Neglected Agent Eminent Disease: Linking Human Helminthic Infection, Inflammation, and Malignancy

Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata

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