Urine color expressed in CIE L*a*b* colorspace during rapid changes in hydration status

Edwards, Tory; Buono, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.007

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Also, the osmolality and color of urine seem to be robust methods related to thirst and hydration status (Anderson et al., 2021; Sekiguchi et al., 2022). Recently, it has also been proposed that urine color is the parameter that most rapidly detects changes in hydration status (Edwards & Buono, 2022).…”

Section: How To Measure the Thirstiness Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions

Picó‐Munyoz,

Tárrega,

Laguna

2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The sensation of thirstiness is the desire to drink water. In certain situations, the ingestion of liquid water can be restricted. As a result, thirstiness is not relieved, resulting in an uncomfortable and distressing situation. The present review describes thirstiness and hydration, the food products and beverages that cause thirstiness, and the beverages and food products currently available to quench thirstiness in individuals with restricted access to liquid ingestion. It also discusses how to measure the effectiveness of calming thirstiness. To diminish thirstiness distress, different alternatives to liquids are proposed. Individuals with swallowing disorders are given thickened water, individuals with restricted water ingestion are given ice cubes or ice popsicles of different flavors, and sportspeople are given energy gels. However, current beverage solutions seem not to relieve thirst fully, although some stimuli like iced water, flavors (especially lemon and mint), or acids seem to work better than plain stimuli and could be added to existing products. Therefore, there is still a need to incorporate these strategies into beverage and food formulations and to test their effectiveness.

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Section: How To Measure the Thirstiness Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions

Picó‐Munyoz,

Tárrega,

Laguna

2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…The use of urine color charts to estimate hydration status has been supported in previous studies ( 4 , 5 ). The validity of urine color charts has been challenged due to many confounding factors, such as the test environment, the urine container material, urine volume, subjective perception, age, and sex ( 6 ). The paper “Validation of urine color L*a*b* for assessing hydration amongst athletes” emphasized that urine color can be assessed in a more valid manner by using a spectrophotometer with color space models, such as L*a*b* ( Feng et al ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study focused on rapid dehydration and showed that both subjective and objective measures of urine color were more responsive than the use of urine osmolality and urine-specific gravity. There is growing support for the use of urine color b* to monitor both chronic and acute changes in hydration status in individuals engaging in intensive exercise bouts ( 6 ). This will require the support of a lab spectrophotometer and thus may be reserved for elite athletic settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Highlights in sport and exercise nutrition 2021/22

Nieman

Sims²,

Wentz

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Editorial on the Research Topic Highlights in sport and exercise nutrition 2021/22This Research Topic features emerging research findings authored by leaders in the field of sport and exercise nutrition. The five papers in this Research Topic focused on hydration-related research, factors influencing dietary intake in rugby players, caffeine and athletic endeavor, and the influence of physical activity on chronic disease mortality rates.The article "Estrogen to progesterone ratio and fluid regulatory responses to varying degrees and methods of dehydration" summarized data from a study investigating the relationship between fluid volume regulatory biomarkers and the estrogen to progesterone ratio (E:P) in response to dehydration in 10 women (Giersch et al.). One of these biomarkers was copeptin, which is a stable surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin (AVP) (1). AVP is a posterior pituitary hormone that has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney. Copeptin and AVP are typically increased with fluid restriction and exercise. The data from this study showed that the relationships between copeptin concentration, estrogen, progesterone, and E:P following dehydrating exercise in the heat are weak and inconsistent. More information is needed on the role of E:P in body fluid regulation but these results do not show an impact of high estrogen with or without high progesterone on the copeptin response. The authors concluded that E:P hormonal fluctuations do not meaningfully regulate fluid responses during exercise in the heat and that women are not at a particular "disadvantage" during any phase of the menstrual cycle.Another article, "Barriers, attitudes, and influences towards dietary intake amongst elite rugby union players", focused on barriers that influenced optimal nutritional intake in a cross-sectional study of 30 high-level male rugby players (Sharples et al.). Childhood upbringing emerged as an important factor that influenced body composition and healthy eating habits. Body composition acted as both a barrier to and an enabler of optimal dietary intake. High-level rugby players relied on the team nutritionist, while those at lower performance levels were more influenced by the media and teammates. The authors concluded that there needs to be more nutrition education, with an emphasis on affordable food choices, meal planning, and skills for evaluating nutrition information obtained from the internet.Caffeine use as an ergogenic aid is widespread. Most systematic reviews support the notion that, when used properly, caffeine from supplements and beverages improves endurance performance (2, 3). The paper "Caffeine supplementation strategies among endurance athletes" explored the findings from a cross-sectional study of 254 endurance athletes regarding the prevalence of caffeine use, dosing regimens, and perceived effects during TYPE

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“…Notably, first morning urine (FMU) samples have been effective in differentiating habitual low-volume (LOW) and highvolume (HIGH) drinkers (Hahn, 2023;Perrier, Vergne, et al, 2013). However, whereas FMU is comparatively far less (if at all) detectably impacted by prior dietary solute load and exercise, spot urine samples in general (specific to uOsm and uSG) are not consistently responsive to short-term changes in hydration status (Edwards & Buono, 2022). Nonetheless, Perrier et al showed that 24-hr urine uOsm in daily LOW was effectively the same as the uOsm of the first morning sample (767 vs. 794 mOsm/kg, respectively).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a 24-hr urine collection can be disproportionately influenced by recent fluid intake, whereas an initial morning urine sample appears to better reflect stable corrections of fluid balance and thus denotes a longerterm hydration profile (Hahn, 2021). The utility of FMU and other spot urine samples has been examined in a variety of other ways, including comparative value as a valid indicator of hydration status (Cheuvront et al, 2015;Edwards & Buono, 2022;Muñoz et al, 2013;Perrier, Demazières, et al, 2013;Perrier et al, 2017). However, implications derived from many of these studies, given their respective novel methodologies (e.g., inducing dehydration), inherent control measures (e.g., specific to fluid intake, diet, and physical activity), and relevant primary outcome metrics (e.g., body mass change), are notably challenging to translate and practically apply to hydration indicators responding to free-living daily routines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Hydration Practices in Healthy Young Recreationally Active Adults—Is There Utility in First Morning Urine Sampling?

Muñoz

Bergeron

2023

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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First morning urine (FMU) assessment would be a practical and convenient solution for clinically acceptable detection of underhydration prior to competition/training, and for the general public. Thus, we thus sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FMU as a valid indicator of recent (previous 24 hr, 5 days average) hydration practices. For 5 consecutive days and one final morning, 67 healthy women (n = 38) and men (n = 29; age: 20 [1] years, body mass index: 25.9 [5.5]) completed 24-hr diet logs for total water intake (from beverages and foods, absolute and relative to body mass), 24-hr urine and FMU collection (last morning only) for osmolality (Osm), specific gravity (SG), and color (Col), and morning blood sampling for plasma osmolality and copeptin. Correlations determined significance and relationship strength among FMU and all other variables. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios were employed using previously reported values to indicate underhydration (total water intake < 30 ml/kg, osmolality > 500, and >800 mOsm/kg, specific gravity > 1.017, and copeptin > 6.93 pmol/L). FMU_Osm and FMU_SG were significantly correlated (p < .05) to all variables except the previous 5-day plasma osmolality. FMU_Col was only significantly correlated with other color time intervals and total water intake per gram. FMU_Osm held greatest utility (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity >80%) overall, with the best outcome being FMU_Osm indicating a previous 24-hr osmolality threshold of 500 mOsm/kg (FMU_Osm criterion >710 mOsm/kg and positive likelihood ratio = 5.9). With less effort and cost restriction, FMU is a viable metric to assess underhydration.

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Urine color expressed in CIE Lab* colorspace during rapid changes in hydration status

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions

Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions

Editorial: Highlights in sport and exercise nutrition 2021/22

Characterizing Hydration Practices in Healthy Young Recreationally Active Adults—Is There Utility in First Morning Urine Sampling?

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