Urine Levels of Defensin α1 Reflect Kidney Injury in Leptospirosis Patients

Chagan-Yasutan, Haorile; Chen, Yue; Lacuesta, Talitha Lea; Leano, Prisca Susan A.; Iwasaki, H.; Hanan, Firmanto; Taurustiati, Delsi; Ohmoto, Yasukazu; Ashino, Yugo; Saitoh, Hiroki; Kiyomoto, Hideyasu; Suzuki, Yasuhiko; Telan, Freda O. Elizabeth; Hattori, Toshio

doi:10.3390/ijms17101637

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The correlation of pFL-OPN level with uNAG/Cr, sCyC, uCyC, and uCLU/Cr values indicate that OPN might be involved in tubular dysfunction and is released by infiltrating inflammatory macrophages in tubules [ 28 ]. There was a significant increase in uNAG/Cr ( p < 0.05) levels in leptospirosis patients as described previously [ 8 ]. An increased uNAG level is a highly specific marker of proximal tubular disease [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This suppressive effect may downregulate OPN and lead to an inverse relationship between them. It is also possible that OPN produced in the kidney may attract inflammatory cells such as monocytes and neutrophils [ 8 , 43 ] and may cause a relative decrease in systemic inflammatory cells, leading to decreased levels of pFL-Gal-9. In addition, a slight elevation of pFL-Gal-9 levels was found only in the albuminuria group on dipstick examination, and we could not confirm that pFL-Gal-9 reflects kidney injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All urinary marker levels were adjusted relative to the levels of urinary Cr (uCr), which were determined using the Cr parameter assay kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomarkers that can support early detection, monitor disease progression, and follow-up prognosis are valuable in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with leptospirosis. Given the importance of urinary markers in kidney injury associated with leptospirosis, urine defensin alpha 1, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and urine N -acetyl-β- d -glucosidase (uNAG)—markers of AKI and tubular dysfunction—are elevated in leptospirosis patients and reflect kidney damage [ 8 ]. A study conducted in Thailand also reported that leptospirosis patients had acute renal failure with increased uNAG and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Osteopontin Levels is Associated with Biochemical Markers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Leptospirosis

et al. 2020

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: Leptospirosis becomes severe, with a fatality rate of >10%, and manifests as severe lung injury accompanied by acute kidney injury. Using urine and blood samples of 112 patients with leptospirosis, osteopontin (OPN), galectin-9 (Gal-9) and other kidney-related biomarkers were measured to understand the pathological and diagnostic roles of OPN and Gal-9 in leptospirosis. Plasma levels of full-length (FL)-OPN (pFL-OPN) (p < 0.0001), pFL-Gal-9(p < 0.0001) and thrombin-cleaved OPN (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with leptospirosis than in healthy controls (n = 30), as were levels of several indicators of renal toxicity: serum cystatin C (p < 0.0001), urine N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine (p < 0.05), and urine clusterin/creatinine (p < 0.05). pFL-Gal-9 levels were negatively correlated with pFL-OPN levels (r = −0.24, p < 0.05). pFL-OPN levels were positively correlated with serum cystatin C (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001), urine NAG/creatinine (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), urine clusterin/creatinine (r = 0.33, p < 0.01), and urine cystatin C/creatinine (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) levels. In a group of patients with abnormally high creatinine levels, significantly higher levels of serum cystatin C (p < 0.0001) and pFL-OPN (p < 0.001) were observed. Our results demonstrate that pFL-OPN reflect kidney injury among patients with leptospirosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Osteopontin Levels is Associated with Biochemical Markers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Leptospirosis

et al. 2020

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“…Dilihat dari distribusi responden berdasarkan pekerjaan, antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol memiliki karakteristik yang hampir sama yakni pada pekerjaan yang berisiko terkena leptospirosis masing-masing 67,7% dan 71%. Penelitian Agampodi dkk di Sri Lanka menyatakan bahwa, pekerja sawah dan petugas pembersih sampah merupakan pekerjaan yang berisiko terserang leptospirosis dengan kontribusi terhadap kasus leptospirosis di Sri Lanka masing-masing sebesar 89,7% dan 27,6% (10). Penelitian di pulau Reunion Prancis menunjukkan besarnya risiko pada beberapa kelompok faktor yang terkait dengan leptospirosis seperti profesi berisiko tinggi (OR = 22,4 [3,4- Jika dilihat dari distribusi responden berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada kelompok kasus dan kontrol terdapat perbedaan yang cukup signifikan yaitu pada kelompok kasus lebih dominan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki (74,2%) sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan sama-sama mendominasi yakni masing-masing (48,4%) dan (51,6%).…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

The Relationship of Residential Environment with The Risk of Leptospirosis in Sleman Regency

Sofiyani¹,

Mawardi²,

Purnomo³

et al. 2017

jhsp

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The effort of leptospirosis prevention in Sleman currently only limited to counseling and treatment of the patient, while the patient search, ways of transmission of leptospirosis from rats to humans, have never implemented in an integrated manner. The study aimed to investigated the relationship between the environmental residential condition with the risk of leptospirosis in Sleman Regency. The research used a survey method Â with case control study design. The results showed that environmental factors, which are not proved to have a relationship with the risk of leptospirosis were residential condition ({p=0,108} OR=3,818 {95%CI:0,922â€“15,811}), the trash bin condition ({p=1,000} OR=1,138 {95%CI:0,420â€“3,081}) and the sewer condition ({p=0,415} OR=0,551 {95%CI:0,187â€“1,624}). Environmental factors that associated with the risk of leptospirosis was the presence of rats ({p=0,001} OR=13,594 {95%CI:2,754â€“67,107}). The effort should be made in order to prevent the increasement of Leptospirosis cases by sanitation improvement and avoiding direct contact with rats as well as it litter. The Government should be pay more attention in the vector control programs, especially in leptospirosis prone areas so the prevention effort to be able run effectively and efficiently.

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Interaction of Leptospira with the Innate Immune System

Werts

2017

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Innate immunity encompasses immediate host responses that detect and respond to microbes. Besides recognition by the complement system (see the chapter by A. Barbosa, this volume), innate immunity concerns cellular responses. These are triggered through recognition of conserved microbial components (called MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading, through secretion of cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and immune mediators, to cellular recruitment and phagocytosis. Leptospira spp. are successful zoonotic pathogenic bacteria that obviously overcome the immune system of their hosts. The first part of this chapter summarizes what is known about leptospires recognition and interaction with phagocytes and other innate immune cells, and the second part describes specific interactions of leptospiral MAMPs with PRRs from the TLR and NLR families. On the one hand, pathogenic leptospires appear to escape macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis. On the other hand, studies about PRR sensing of leptospires remain very limited, but suggest that pathogenic leptospires escape some of the PRRs in a host-specific manner, due to peculiar cell wall specificities or post-translational modifications that may impair their recognition. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of leptospiral escape on phagocytic functions and hopefully give clues to potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the defective activation of PRRs by pathogenic Leptospira spp.

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Urine Levels of Defensin α1 Reflect Kidney Injury in Leptospirosis Patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Plasma Osteopontin Levels is Associated with Biochemical Markers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Leptospirosis

Plasma Osteopontin Levels is Associated with Biochemical Markers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Leptospirosis

The Relationship of Residential Environment with The Risk of Leptospirosis in Sleman Regency

Interaction of Leptospira with the Innate Immune System

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