Urine proteome changes in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model of major depressive disorder

Abstract

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent complex psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence rate. Because MDD is a systemic multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions and disturbances of various molecular pathways, there are no effective biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Urine is not subjected to homeostatic control, allowing it to reflect the sensitive and comprehensive changes that occur in various diseases. In this study, we examined the urine proteome changes in a CUMS mouse model of MDD. Methods. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 5 weeks. The tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose consumption test (SCT) were then applied to evaluate depression-like behaviors. The urine proteomes on day 0 and day 36 in the CUMS group were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results. A total of 45 differential proteins were identified, 24 of which have been associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of MDD, while 10 proteins have been previously suggested as MDD biomarkers. There was an average of two differential proteins that were identified through 1048574 random combination statistical analyses, indicating that at least 95% of the differential proteins were reliable and not the result of random combination. The differential proteins were mainly associated with blood coagulation, inflammatory responses and central nervous system development. Conclusions. Our preliminary results indicated that the urine proteome can reflect changes associated with MDD in the CUMS model, which provides potential clues for the diagnosis of clinical MDD patients.

Analysis of the Distribution of Urine Color and Its Relationship With Urine Dry Chemical Parameters Among College Students in Beijing, China – A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The chemical examination of urine includes the identification of protein, blood cells, glucose, pH, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone body, nitrite, and white blood cells esterase ( 3 , 4 ). Urine can also sensitively detect the pathological alterations that occur in various diseases ( 5 ), such as bladder and prostate cancer ( 6 , 7 ). In contrast, the macroscopic aspects refer to the color and cloudiness analyses ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Advanced Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for New Psychoactive Substances

“…However, OPN concentrations did not differ significantly, as the OPN level (ng/mL) in the study group was 57.0 (15.9), while in the control group, it was 56.3 (12.5) [44]. Proteomic analysis of urine in a mouse model of major depressive disorder (MDD) under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) showed a decrease in OPN levels in the study group [45]. It is also worth noting a study conducted on cell cultures, which showed that treatment with valproic acid results in an increase in OPN expression after only 4 days of treatment [46].…”

Urine proteomic analysis of patients with schizophrenia

“…Relative quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS / MS ) is a promising protein biomarker identification technique. Proteomics analysis shows that there are considerable pathophysiological changes in depression [3,4] , Alzheimer 's disease [5] , Parkinson 's disease [6] and other mental systemic diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore whether urinary proteomics has the potential to identify objective diagnostic markers of schizophrenia, whether it can distinguish between patients and normal people from the perspective of urinary proteomics, and provide clues for clinical diagnosis and other related biomarkers.…”