Urine sample preparation of tricyclic antidepressants by means of a supported liquid membrane technique for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis

Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in biological fluids after sequential SPE

“…Some of these drugs have been determined in serum by direct on-column injection [46], automated online SPE [30], SPME [47,48], online dialysis [30], direct LC analysis using restricted access extraction materials [49], supported liquid membrane technique [50], column switching techniques [51,52] as well as liquid phase microextraction [53,54]. However, only a limited number of methods applicable to the simultaneous determination of both classes of drugs in biological fluids [5] or in two-component tablet formulations [55] exist.…”

Fast urinary screening for imipramine and desipramine using on-line solid-phase extraction and selective derivatization

“…Liquid chromatography [5][6][7][8][9][10] or capillary electrophoresis, in combination with UV-vis detection, constitutes the usual choice for analysing bioanalytical samples [11][12][13][14]. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection has been used to determine imipramine and desipramine in human plasma [15].…”

“…Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection has been used to determine imipramine and desipramine in human plasma [15]. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) [5,13], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [6,9], fiber-in-tube-SPME [7,8,13], supported liquid membrane extraction [10] and dialysis [11] have been proposed for sample processing with a view to ensuring the sensitivity and selectivity levels required for the individual determination of TCAs. The previous chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have provided quantitation limits ranging from 0.05 to 1 g mL −1 for a variety of TCAs (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline and nortriptyline, mainly).…”

Development of a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Method for the Detection of Benzodiazepines in Urine

“…Supported liquid extraction has previous been applied to the extraction of benzodiazepines from urine prior to high-performance liquid chromatography 74 and ultrapressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. 75 Both studies employed a high pH buffer as a sample preparation step, 9 and 11 respectively.…”

“…75 Both studies employed a high pH buffer as a sample preparation step, 9 and 11 respectively. 74,75 Unfortunately in addition to permitting complete extraction of all benzodiazepines, this procedure will also extract other basic drugs with high pKas. This interference is not a problem when chromatographic methods are used, but when screening for benzodiazepines using (SERS) the number of Raman active interferences needs to be limited.…”