Urine test strips and iodine contamination: a tricky trick in iodine nutrition surveys

Veyhe, Anna Sofía; Johannesen, Herborg Líggjasardóttir; Weihe, Pál; Andersen, Stig

doi:10.1080/00365513.2022.2059699

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The iodine concentration in the dummy samples were according to expected values. The water sample had low iodine content identical to a previous measurement [ 18 ], and the solid item (Icelandic lamb meat) had an iodine content as reported in Icelandic nutrient tables.…”

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Samples were blinded by random order labelling before they were shipped for analysis to keep the laboratory blinded to the food items during sample handling, iodine measurement, and reporting of test results. Samples included two dummy samples: one of water with negligible iodine contents subsequently spiked with iodine as described elsewhere [ 18 ], and one with Icelandic lamb, with median iodine content of 32–52 µg/kg (0–127 µg/kg) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these samples, we chose to provide the valid result, which was “high iodine concentration” reported as >320 μg/kg. The coefficient of variation for liquids at our laboratory is 9.2% (interval 1–4 µg/L, n = 8); 8.7% (interval 5–9 µg/L, n = 4); 4.2% (interval 10–15 µg/L, n = 4); 1.5% (interval 15–50 µg/L, n = 5); 1.5% at higher levels after dilution of samples [ 18 ]. The analytical coefficient of variation was determined for solid items with the Faroese food items: 20.3% (interval 10–45 µg/kg, n = 8); 8.7% (interval 50–85 µg/kg, n = 5); 7.5% (interval 100–400 µg/kg, n = 3).…”

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The iodine content of Faroese food items to support iodine nutrition in the North Atlantic

Johannesen

Andersen

Weihe

et al. 2023

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Iodine is essential for human health, and dietary iodine sources are critical. Living isolated on islands in the North Atlantic Ocean fostered unique dietary traditions in the Faroe Islands. The dietary peculiarities led us to collect and measure the iodine content of local foods and beverages and calculate daily iodine intakes based on four Faroese dietary scenarios. Marine foods and birds had iodine contents from 300 µg/kg and up, markedly higher than dairy, grains, terrestrial, vegetables, and liquid foods ( p <0.001). Vegetables and beverages contained negligible iodine. Wind-dried fermented lamb meat iodine content varied by 100% depending on whether it was herded on an island with beaches (105 µg/kg) or with cliffs (53 µg/kg) facing the ocean. The daily iodine intake varied from around 50 µg to just over 200 µg with diets rich in fish and whales. In conclusion, the traditional diet has been a critical source of iodine on the Faroe Islands. The Faroese may be iodine replete with traditional diets but face the risk of iodine deficiency with dietary transition towards a more western diet. Locally produced Faroese foods are therefore relevant to promote health, and may additionally support food security, local involvement and knowledge, and long-term sustainability.

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Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The iodine content of Faroese food items to support iodine nutrition in the North Atlantic

Johannesen

Andersen

Weihe

et al. 2023

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…The nationwide population-based design supports that the data are representative of this age group, and the 65 girls included had a UIC of 169 μg/l, suggesting that the actual UIC was between 127 and 211 μg/l ( 29 ) . Finally, the element iodine is stable with storage ( 45 ) , and our evaluation of urinary iodine collection and measurement are in keeping with procedures recommended for quality control ( 25 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This adjustment reduces the variations in UIC caused by variations in the urinary volume due to differences in fluid intake (24) . The iodine laboratory at Aalborg University Hospital (Denmark) is experienced in handling the assay (7,12,14,15,22,(25)(26)(27) successfully participated in the programme to ensure the quality of urinary iodine procedures (the EQUIP programme). We analysed the samples in random order, including internal and external controls.…”

Section: Assay Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutrition with North Atlantic living: the Faroese adolescents

Johannesen

Andersen

et al. 2023

J Nutr Sci

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Iodine nutrition is critical for human health. While iodine excretion was low within the recommended range among adult Faroese, younger generations tend to abandon local foods. Such changes raise a concern about iodine intake, which led us to perform this first study of iodine nutrition among teenagers in the North Atlantic islands. We used samples from a nationwide collection of urine samples in 14-year-olds following iodine fortification of salt in 2000. Urine was analysed for iodine and creatinine to adjust for dilution by iodine/creatinine, and a food frequency questionnaire was used to record the intake of iodine-rich foods. The 129 participants yielded a 90 % precision of the estimated iodine nutrition level. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 166 μg/l (bootstrapped 95 % confidence interval 156–184 μg/l). The median creatinine-adjusted UIC was 132 μg/g (bootstrapped 95 % CI 120–138 μg/g). Fish and whale meat dinners were more frequent among residents of villages compared with the capital: median fish dinners, 3 v. 2 per week (P = 0⋅001), and whale meat, 1 v. 0⋅4 per month (P < 0⋅001). UIC decreased with fewer fish dinners (P = 0⋅03). Our study demonstrated that Faroese teenagers were iodine-replete. The changing dietary habits emphasise the need for continuous monitoring of iodine nutrition and surveying iodine deficiency disorders.

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Urine test strips and iodine contamination: a tricky trick in iodine nutrition surveys

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

The iodine content of Faroese food items to support iodine nutrition in the North Atlantic

The iodine content of Faroese food items to support iodine nutrition in the North Atlantic

Iodine nutrition with North Atlantic living: the Faroese adolescents

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