Urine tested positive for ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate after the consumption of “non-alcoholic” beer

Thierauf, Annette; Gnann, Heilce; Wohlfarth, Ariane; Auwärter, Volker; Perdekamp, M. Große; Buttler, Klaus-Juergen; Wurst, Friedrich Martin; Weinmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.031

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nutritional and other environmental factors can influence the amount of nonoxidative alcohol metabolites [29]. There are small amounts of FAEE in meconium of neonates without active maternal alcohol consumption, which may originate from endogenous ethanol or from ethanol traces contained in common foods [30–32]. In contrast to the analysis of EtG and FAEEs in the patients' hair, there are no established and scientifically tested cutoff values for differentiating the mothers' drinking behavior via meconium, and imagining a reliable, scientifically correct, and ethical way to test the cutoff values in pregnant women is hardly possible [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meconium Indicators of Maternal Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy and Association with Patient Characteristics

Goecke

Burger

Fasching

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Aim. Identification of women with moderate alcohol abuse during pregnancy is difficult. We correlated self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy and patient characteristics with objective alcohol indicators measured in fetal meconium. Methods. A total of 557 women singleton births and available psychological tests, obstetric data and meconium samples were included in statistical analysis. Alcohol metabolites (fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG)), were determined from meconium and correlated with patient characteristics. Results. We found that 21.2% of the 557 participants admitted low-to-moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Of the parameters analyzed from meconium, only EtG showed an association with alcohol history (P < 0.01). This association was inverse in cases with EtG value above 120 ng/g. These values indicate women with most severe alcohol consumption, who obviously denied having consumed alcohol during pregnancy. No other associations between socioeconomic or psychological characteristics and the drinking status (via meconium alcohol metabolites) could be found. Conclusion. Women who drink higher doses of ethanol during pregnancy, according to metabolite measures in meconium, might be less likely to admit alcohol consumption. No profile of socioeconomic or psychological characteristics of those women positively tested via meconium could be established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meconium Indicators of Maternal Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy and Association with Patient Characteristics

Goecke

Burger

Fasching

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…Furthermore, when EtG is used as a clinical research or treatment outcome, the 500 ng/ml cutoff level may underdetect drinking (Anton, 2014;Jatlow and O'Malley, 2010;Jatlow et al, 2014). Therefore, research is needed to build consensus regarding an acceptable EtG cutoff level, as commercial laboratories, immunoassay manufacturers, and foreign regulatory authorities use cutoff levels ranging from 100 to 1,000 ng/ml (Rohrig et al, 2006;Thierauf et al, 2009Thierauf et al, , 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Ethyl Glucuronide Cutoffs When Detecting Self‐Reported Alcohol Use in Addiction Treatment Patients

McDonell

Leickly

Angelo

et al. 2015

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is an alcohol biomarker with potential utility as a clinical research and alcohol treatment outcome. Debate exists regarding the appropriate cutoff level for determining alcohol use, particularly with the EtG immunoassay. This study determined the EtG immunoassay cutoff levels that most closely correspond to self-reported drinking in alcohol dependent outpatients. Methods Eighty adults with alcohol dependence and mental illness, taking part in an alcohol treatment study, provided urine samples three times per week for up to 16-weeks (1589 samples). Self-reported drinking during 120 hours prior to each sample collection was assessed. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the EtG immunoassay to detect self-reported alcohol use across 24–120 hour time periods. Sensitivity and specificity of EtG immunoassay cutoff levels was compared in 100 ng/mL increments (100 ng/mL–500 ng/mL) across 24–120 hours. Results Over half (57%) of the 1589 samples indicated recent alcohol consumption. The EtG immunoassay closely corresponded to self-reported drinking from 24 (AUC=0.90, 95% CI:0.88, 0.92) to 120 hours (AUC=0.88, 95% CI:0.87, 0.90). When cutoff levels were compared across 24–120 hours, 100 ng/mL had the highest sensitivity (0.93–0.78) and lowest specificity (0.67–0.85). Relative to 100 ng/mL, the 200 ng/mL cutoff demonstrated a reduction in sensitivity (0.89–0.67), but improved specificity (0.78–0.94). The 300 ng/mL, 400 ng/mL, and 500 ng/mL cutoffs demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (0.86 to 0.33) and highest specificity (0.86–0.97) over 24 to 120 hours. Conclusions For detecting alcohol use for greater than 24 hours, the 200 ng/mL cutoff level is recommended for use as a research and clinical outcome.

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“…Therefore, the hair treatment should always be recorded during the sampling. Positive EtG cases in hair due to food or none-hair cosmetics like mouthwash or hand sanitizers have not yet been reported in contrast to positive EtG urine results [36][37][38][39][40][41]. That can be explained by the small amount of ethanol ingested or absorbed leading to EtG concentrations in urine insufficiently high to produce a positive EtG findings in hair.…”

Section: Performance Diagnostic and Cutoff Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of ethyl glucuronide in hair for the investigation of alcohol drinking behavior: a comparison with traditional biomarkers

Kharbouche

Faouzi²,

Sanchez³

et al. 2011

Int J Legal Med

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Urine tested positive for ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate after the consumption of “non-alcoholic” beer

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Meconium Indicators of Maternal Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy and Association with Patient Characteristics

Meconium Indicators of Maternal Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy and Association with Patient Characteristics

Determining Ethyl Glucuronide Cutoffs When Detecting Self‐Reported Alcohol Use in Addiction Treatment Patients

Diagnostic performance of ethyl glucuronide in hair for the investigation of alcohol drinking behavior: a comparison with traditional biomarkers

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