Urine thiocyanate:creatinine ratio as a reliable indicator of cigarette smoking

Pré, J.; Vassy, Roger

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(91)90220-7

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The analysis showed good repeatability between two laboratories and the mean urinary thiocyanate of 36 mmol l À1 was in the same range as the 31 mmol l À1 found in Swedish schoolchildren (Tylleskär et al, 1992) and the 27 mmol l À1 in healthy non-smoking French adults but lower than the 146 AE 9.9 mmol l À1 in adults smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (Pré et al, 1991). This indicates a negligible cyanide exposure in spite of the use of ineffective processing methods such as sun-drying, boiling and frying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Low cyanide exposure from consumption of cassava in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

et al. 1998

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Low cyanide exposure from consumption of cassava in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

et al. 1998

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“…The level found in Kinshasa was even lower than that observed in some populations not consuming cassava. Swedish schoolchildren had a mean of 31 umol/1 (Tylleskär et al, 1992) and non-smoking French aduhs a mean of 27 umol/1 (Pré and Vassy, 1991). The reason for the presence of thiocyanate in urines of these European populations may be that they consume milk with modest thiocyanate levels and urinary thiocyanate is influenced by other factors.…”

Section: Cyanide Exposurementioning

confidence: 92%

High cassava consumption without cyanide exposure in Kinshasa, in former Zaire

Banea-Mayambu

Nkiabungu

Tylleskär

et al. 1998

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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In Kinshasa, the capital of former Zaire, cassava is the dominant staple food and it is mainly supplied from Bandundu and Bas-Zaire regions. In Bandundu, consumption of short-soaked and insufficiently dried cassava roots has caused high cyanide exposure that was associated to acute poisonings and outbreaks of the paralytic disease konzo. As no such effects have been reported from the capital, we investigated if cassava consumption resulted in cyanide exposure in Kinshasa. Food frequency interviews with 205 women showed that 85% consumed a cassava-based product daily. Mean ± SEM urinary thiocyanate, the main cyanide metabolite, was 12 ± 1 µmol/1 in women in Kinshasa compared to 558 ± 47 µmol/1 among women in a rural area in Bandundu where short-processed cassava was consumed. The absence of cyanide exposure in Kinshasa may be explained by disappearance of cyanogens from roots during transport, storage, and careful drying preceding mechanical milling done by all women in Kinshasa. * Corresponding author. 363 Downloaded by [UOV University of Oviedo] at 03:44 14 October 2014 364 J.-P. BANEA-M AYAMBU ET AL.

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“…Although [CRE]-ratio-normalization of [XenoBio]-to- [CRE] has been utilized for xenobiotic biomarkers in general [4,6,[14][15][16][17][18] and for nicotine (NIC) xenobiotic biomarkers in particular [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], it is subject to a number of limitations [1,2,8,26,28]. For an individual, [CRE]-ratio-normalization has the potential to be a valid and effective technique to reduce variability provided that the renal elimination mechanism of the xenobiotic biomarker is similar to the renal elimination mechanism of CRE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%