Urogenitaltuberkulose und Schistosomiasis (Bilharziose)

Abstract

We are observing the largest worldwide wave of migration ever. Displaced persons usually do not have access to general health care and are faced with a lack of hygienic conditions and infection control while fleeing, which leads to an accumulation of "exotic" infectious diseases. The number of patients with tuberculosis (TB) had declined for many years in Germany; however, increasing numbers of cases have recently been observed. For urologists, of course, the manifestations of urogenital TB (UGTB) are of particular interest. Therefore, the basics regarding diagnosis and therapy of UGTB are discussed in this article and explained using case studies. The second important "exotic" infectious disease that urologists are increasingly facing is schistosomiasis. The larvae (found mostly in stagnant water) penetrate through intact human skin, mature and migrate into the liver, from where they immigrate into the venous capillaries of the intestine, the small pelvis, the bladder wall and the distal ureter, and there cause chronic inflammation. All urologists should be familiar with the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of urogenital schistosomiasis and the oncogenesis of schistosomiasis-associated bladder carcinoma.

Urogenital tuberculosis in children 0 - 14 years old in the structure of other localizations of tuberculosis

“…Доля изолированных внелёгочных поражений у детей снизилась с 11,1% в период с 1999 по 2008 год до 3,4% в период с 2009 по 2018 год (p = 0,000), в целом по России регистрируемая заболеваемость ВЛТ уменьшилась с 2005 по 2012 год с 3,0 до 2,2 [26]. Самой частой локализацией туберкулёза в 60,4 -77,8% случаев остаётся туберкулёз мочевой системы, в то время как в ряде публикации уровень его не превышает 5% среди всех форм внелёгочного туберкулёза у детей [28,29]. В динамике с 1989 по 2018 год увеличивалось количество случаев заболевания сочетанными формами туберкулёза (с 3,1% до 7,2%, p = 0,000), в основном, из-за установления нескольких локализаций поражения.…”