Urokinase of plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients with peritonitis

Abstract

Introduction: There is a perturbation of the natural intra-peritoneal environment in peritonitis. The significant issue for treatment outcomes of peritonitis is connected with intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis.The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients operated for peritonitis.Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 65 patients (28 women and 37 men) at a mean age 45 ±18 years diagnosed with peritonitis. The causes of peritoneal inflammation were acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The exclusion criterion for the study was cancer, any thrombolytic or antithrombotic therapy. The peritoneal fluid obtained during the surgical procedure was collected for study, in which the concentration of uPA was determined.Results: In the peritoneal fluid of operated patients, uPA was found. The concentration was significantly higher than that determined in their blood plasma (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The presence of uPA in peritoneal fluid, the concentration of which was significantly higher than in the blood plasma, indicates that during peritonitis there are some conditions for the activation of intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis. However, further investigations are required, including other components of the fibrinolysis cascade.

Optic Pathway Gliomas in Pediatric Population—Current Approach in Diagnosis and Management: Literature Review

“…The location of optic nerve gliomas is divided into prechiasmatic, chiasmatic or postchiasmatic. Optic nerve glioma usually spreads along the optic nerve, and distant metastasis is rarely described [12]. In a study led by Azzizi and Walker [19], 83 patients with NF1 mutation were analyzed.…”

“…They can present with accelerated and stunted growth, as well as spontaneous regression. These tumors usually spread along the optic nerve, and distant metastasis are rarely described [12,23,37,43]. Patients with coexisting NF1 have a less dynamic course and less often require treatment than patients with sporadic gliomas, where the progression often requires several therapeutic approaches [35,[44][45][46].…”

“…It is important to correlate the symptoms presented with supplementary gadolinium-enhanced MRI images. MRI provides a distinct advantage over CT [6,12,64]. MRI can detect tumor expansion beyond the optic nerve into the optic chiasm, which is not visible on CT.…”

“…[1] Gliomas arising from the optic pathway represent approximately 2-5% of intracranial tumors in children [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. These tumors affect the pre-cortical visual pathway and can grow anywhere along this pathway, extending over the optic nerves up to the occipital lobe cortex area, and involve both the area of the hypothalamus and the optic chiasm, which are essential for binocular vision [11,12]. OPGs can be divided into those that are sporadic and those associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) [13][14][15][16][17].…”