Urolithiasis

Milliner, Dawn S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_58

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The presence of calculi in the urinary system is defined as urolithiasis, which represents the symptomatic manifestation of various metabolic disturbances, caused by a variety of pathological factors and their interaction 1 . Urolithiasis is a common and frequently-occurring disease with increased morbidity and high recurrence rate, including renal calculi, ureteral calculi, cystolith and urethral calculi, among which ureteral calculi is the most commonly one 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on ureteral calculi

Lü

et al. 2014

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on ureteral calculi

Lü

et al. 2014

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…In the textbook of Pediatric Nephrology 5th ed. Milliner (19) indicates the unclarity of normative data of urine citrate by quoting both values of 180 and 400 mg/g. We also thought to use this opportunity to establish normative data of urine citrate/creatinine ratio.…”

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confidence: 99%

Urine Calcium/Citrate Ratio in Children With Hypercalciuric Stones

et al. 2009

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Hypercalciuria is a common cause for stone formation in children. The aim was to delineate the role of urinary citrate in hypercalciuric children for protection against calcium stone formation. We evaluated random urine calcium, citrate, and creatinine in 149 controls, 78 hypercalciuric nonstone formers, and 34 hypercalciuric children with stone. Urine citrate/creatinine was highest in hypercalciuric nonstone formers 899 Ϯ 351 compared with controls 711 Ϯ 328 and stone formers 595 Ϯ 289 (p Ͻ 0.01 vs. both). Calcium/creatinine ratio was similar in hypercalciuric stone and nonstone formers, but significantly higher than controls. Consequently, urine Calcium/citrate ratio (mg/mg) increased from control 0.17 Ϯ 0.17 to 0.41 Ϯ 0.23 (p Ͻ 0.001) in hypercalciuric nonstone formers, and to 0.65 Ϯ 0.46 in stone formers (p Ͻ 0.001 compared with other groups). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve combined with multilevel risk analyses found calcium/citrate ratio of 0.326 to provide good discrimination between control and stone formers. We found 5th percentile for random urine citrate/creatinine ratio in school-aged children to be 176 mg/g, elevated urinary citrate excretion in hypercalciuric children to be protective against stone formation, and urine calcium/citrate ratio to be a good indicator for risk of stone formation. Whether intervention in hypercalciuric children to lower urine calcium/citrate Ͻ0.326 will provide protection against stone formation needs to be studied. (Pediatr Res 66: 85-90, 2009) T he incidence of urolithiasis in children has increased in recent years (1). The risk factors for urolithiasis commonly observed in children are low urine volume, increased urine calcium excretion, and low normal or decreased urinary citrate level (2). Citrate inhibits the spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate, crystal growth of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, and the heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate by monosodium urate (3-8). Bisaz et al. (9) reported that citrate is responsible for 50% of the inhibitory activity against calcium phosphate precipitation in normal urine. The inhibitory effect of citrate on calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation is also linked to a direct effect on the crystal surface (3,10). Consequently, and because of lack of significant adverse effects, citrate preparations are widely used in subjects with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis (2,11-13).In adult studies, Welshman and McGeown (14), Hobarth and Hofbauer (15) and Nikkila et al. (16) observed that urine calcium/citrate ratio was able to discriminate between stone formers and control population; the latter exhibiting a significantly lower calcium/citrate ratio. However, it was the impression in the above studies that the clinical use of urine calcium/citrate ratio was limited because of its wide range of variability and the influence of age and gender on urinary excretion of citrate. There is limited data on urine calcium/ citrate ratio in either healthy, hypercalciuric, or stone forming child...

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“…The UCa/Cr ratio (mg/mg) was defined as high if the ratio was >0.8 for patients aged 0 to 6 months, >0.6 for patients aged 7 to 12 months, >0.5 for patients aged 13 to 24 months, and >0.21 for patients older than 24 months. 8 All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 for Windows. The p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Important Risk Factor Affecting Hypercalciuria in Children: Vesicoureteral Reflux

et al. 2020

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Introduction A large number of genes and environmental factors, like dietary habits, play a role in the development of hypercalciuria in children. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the presence and grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on hypercalciuria status in children. Materials and Methods Data for 165 patients who admitted to the Pediatric Urology Department were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were composed of following four different groups: (1) urinary stone patients, (2) VUR patients under follow-up, (3) corrected VUR patients, and (4) control. The demographic features, clinical data, and laboratory tests for the groups were compared. Results The mean age of the patients was 100.6 ± 54.69 months and the female/male ratio was 79:86. The mean urinary calcium/creatinine (UCa/Cr) excretion and the frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the corrected VUR group were similar to those in the control group (p = 0.375 and 0.965, respectively). In contrast, the mean UCa/Cr excretion and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the urinary stone and follow-up VUR groups were significantly higher than those in the corrected VUR group (p < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.003, and 0.029, respectively). The mean UCa/Cr excretion and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the follow-up VUR group were similar to those in the urinary stone group (p = 0.323 and 0.425, respectively). In the follow-up VUR group, although reflux laterality had no effect on the UCa/Cr ratios (p = 0.180 and 0.108, respectively), the mean and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios were higher in high-grade reflux cases (p < 0.001 and p = 0.042, respectively). Conclusion Both the mean UCa/Cr ratio and the rate of hypercalciuria in the corrected reflux group were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the follow-up VUR and urinary stone groups. Further, the follow-up VUR patients had similar urinary calcium excretion levels as the stone patients. VUR treatment is associated with a decrease in urinary calcium excretion to the normal population level. A positive correlation between reflux degree and calcium excretion was observed.

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Urolithiasis

Cited by 21 publications

References 232 publications

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on ureteral calculi

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on ureteral calculi

Urine Calcium/Citrate Ratio in Children With Hypercalciuric Stones

An Important Risk Factor Affecting Hypercalciuria in Children: Vesicoureteral Reflux

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