Urolithiasis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects in Urology Department of N’Djamena in Chad

Abstract

Introduction: To study the clinical, paraclinical, diagnostic aspects and manage patients with urolithiasis according to the available technical facilities in urology department of N'Djamena in Chad. Urolithiasis is defined as the presence of one or more stony concretions located at any level of a segment of the urinary tract: calyx, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive type of a prospective study over a period of 4 years, from January 2008 to December 2011, involving 233 patients with urolithiasis treated in the urology department. Clinical and paraclinical examinations were the basis for the selection of patients. Informed consent of patient or their parents (for minors) was obtained for the anonymous use of records and photographs for scientific aims. Results: Urolithiasis represented 5.72% (233/4072) of all urological pathologies. Male dominance was significant with a sex ratio of 4.5/1. The age group of 0 -10 years was the most affected with a staff of 67 (28.75%). The clinic was dominated by dysuria (44.63%), renal colic (33.91%) and hematuria (9.01%). The main anatomical location was bladder (62.23%). The management was essentially medical and surgical. We recorded 7 cases of death or post-interventional hospital mortality rate of 3%. Conclusion: Urolithiasis is a real public health problem in Chad. Due to the inadequacy of the technical platform, the management was based on the open surgery. Etiological research was impossible by lack of technical laboratory platform.

<p>Urolithiasis: Presentation and Surgical Outcome at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ethiopia</p>

“…22 Authors reported flank pain, hematuria and dysuria as the main presenting symptoms of urolithiasis, which is also the case in our study. [2][3][4]12,14,25,30 Apart from this, a study conducted by Odzebe et al and Rimtebaye et al found a high rate of acute urinary retention in their review (26.5% and 28.7%). 3,21 This variation can be explained by the high incidence of lower tract stone and obstructive conditions in their patients.…”

“…11,[25][26][27] Furthermore, reports from other countries recognized urolithiasis among the major reasons of urologic surgical admission. 2,3,14 Worldwide, the estimated male to female ratio of urolithiasis ranges from 1.5 to 2.5:1. 7 Comparable with this, our study and others also confirmed urolithiasis as a male predominant disease.…”

“…Urolithiasis is defined as the formation or occurrence of stone(s) at any level of the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra). [1][2][3][4][5] It is the third most common pathology affecting the urinary tract and it has been described since antiquity. [6][7][8][9][10] The incidence and prevalence of a urinary stone vary with geographic location, race, age, occupation, and sex.…”

“…[17][18][19] Despite the advancement of minimally invasive and noninvasive management of stone disease, which has become the gold standard treatment, open stone surgery remains the technique of choice in most developing countries. 2,3,16,20,21 This reflects the lack of trained professionals and endourologic instruments. 16,[22][23][24] As Ethiopia is a fast-growing, sub-Saharan Africa country, located near to the Afro-Asian stone belt, the burden is expected to be rising and becoming a public health issue.…”

Does chronic hyperglycaemia increase the risk of kidney stone disease? results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The effect is marked in higher income countries, but is attenuated in lower-middle income countries 8 10. This may be attributable to lack of availability of prompt intervention in developing countries, leading to later presentation and invasive treatments including nephrectomy 59–61. Following surgical treatment, management to prevent recurrence is recommended,13 again this may not be available in developing countries.…”