Urologic complications of HIV and AIDS

Heyns, Chris F.; Groeneveld, A.E.; Sigarroa, Nelson Bustamante

doi:10.1038/ncpuro1273

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…As indinavir is poorly soluble at pH 45, urinary acidification, increased fluid intake, and, if possible, discontinuation of therapy may dissolve stones. [119][120][121][122][123][124] Other medications precipitating in the urine but rarely causing stones include ceftriaxone, sulfonamides, ampicillin, amoxicillin, triamteren, acyclovir, and oxypurine.…”

Section: Urinary Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children

Habbig

Beck

Höppe

2011

Kidney International

141

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The incidence of adult urolithiasis has increased significantly in industrialized countries over the past decades. Sound incidence rates are not available for children, nor are they known for nephrocalcinosis, which can appear as a single entity or together with urolithiasis. In contrast to the adult kidney stone patient, where environmental factors are the main cause, genetic and/or metabolic disorders are the main reason for childhood nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis. While hypercalciuria is considered to be the most frequent risk factor, several other metabolic disorders such as hypocitraturia or hyperoxaluria, as well as a variety of renal tubular diseases, e.g., Dent's disease or renal tubular acidosis, have to be ruled out by urine and/or blood analysis. Associated symptoms such as growth retardation, intestinal absorption, or bone demineralization should be evaluated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Preterm infants are a special risk population with a high incidence of nephrocalcinosis arising from immature kidney, medication, and hypocitraturia. In children, concise evaluation will reveal an underlying pathomechanism in >75% of patients. Early treatment reducing urinary saturation of the soluble by increasing fluid intake and by providing crystallization inhibitors, as well as disease-specific medication, are mandatory to prevent recurrent kidney stones and/or progressive nephrocalcinosis, and consequently deterioration of renal function.

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Section: Urinary Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children

Habbig

Beck

Höppe

2011

Kidney International

141

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“…UTIs start when tiny organisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. More than 90% of UTIs are due to enteric Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriuria and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among People Living with HIV Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART Clinics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fenta¹,

Legese²,

Weldearegay³

2016

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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“…Kaposi sarcoma preferentially affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection although it has also been reported in HIV negative individuals [30,31]. In the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population which represents the more common group associated with the malignancy, up to 20 % of all Kaposi sarcomas affect the genital area [32]. The glans penis is the most common location but it may also affect the coronal sulcus, foreskin or penile shaft skin [30].…”

Section: Kaposi Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Pathology of Penile Cancer

Chaux

Cubilla²

2016

Textbook of Penile Cancer

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Malignant tumors of the penis affect mainly the distal portion of the penis with the majority being squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Several SCC histologic subtypes are recognized, each with distinctive clinicopathological and outcome features. These subtypes include usual SCC, warty, basaloid, warty-basaloid, papillary, verrucous, pseudoglandular, pseudohyperplastic, and sarcomatoid carcinomas. These malignant tumors begin as penile intraepithelial neoplasias (PeIN) and progress to infiltrate the erectile tissues and vascular spaces. Other epithelial tumors affecting the penis include extramammary Paget's disease, malignant melanoma, and clear cell carcinoma. Non-epithelial tumors, such as malignant lymphomas and sarcomas, can also be seen on occasion. The penis can also be affected by secondary tumors, mainly originating within the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract. Pathological prognostic factors include histological grade and subtype, anatomical level of infiltration, perineural/vascular invasion, amongst others. In this chapter we cover the main macroscopic and microscopic features of these malignant lesions providing a unified framework for histopathologic diagnosis.

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Urologic complications of HIV and AIDS

Cited by 16 publications

References 119 publications

Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children

Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children

Bacteriuria and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among People Living with HIV Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART Clinics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Diagnosis and Pathology of Penile Cancer

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