Urologic dermatology: a comprehensive foray into the noninfectious etiologies of balanitis

Nemirovsky, Daniel R.; Singh, Rohan; Jalalian, Aria; Malik, Rena D.

doi:10.1111/ijd.15985

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…However, previous observational studies always drew conflicting conclusions due to various confounding factors ( 8 – 12 ). We observed a clear causal relationship between phimosis and immune-related kidney disease, but relevant research was lacking and the specific mechanism was unknown ( 24 , 25 ). As the direct virulence stimulation of bacteria and viruses, as well as chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress damage caused by infection, have been proven to increase the incidence of immune-related kidney disease, we speculated the phimosis-caused infection might be the underlying mechanism ( 26 – 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Most observational studies have claimed that phimosis increases infection risks and leads to chronic inflammatory stimulation, which might contribute to urogenital diseases ( 9 , 24 , 25 , 32 ). However, we did not find a direct causal relationship between phimosis and four urogenital infections (prostatitis, testicular and epididymitis, urethritis, and cystitis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the genetic relationship between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Li,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impacts of phimosis on the health of the genitourinary system through Mendelian random analysis.Material and methodA dual-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted based on the random effects model (Re-IVW) method was used as the main statistical analysis. Complementary methods, including weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), were applied to detect or correct the impact of horizontal pleiotropy.ResultRe-IVW showed a genetic predictive causal relationship of phimosis on glomerulonephritis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.37 [1.13–1.65], p = 0.00149) and IgA glomerulonephritis (OR: 1.57 [1.18–2.09), p = 0.00187). Suggestive evidence indicated that phimosis was associated with chronic nephritis syndrome (OR: 1.23 (1.00–1.51), p = 0.0481], acute nephritis syndrome (OR: 1.50 [1.13–2.01], p = 0.0058), and impotence (OR: 1.39 [1.11–1.73], p = 0.0035). Kidney and ureteral stone (OR: 1.14 [1.04–1.26], p = 0.0069), urethral strictures (OR: 1.26 [1.07–1.48], p = 0.0050), benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR: 1.07 [1.01–1.13], p = 0.0242), and decreased testicular function (OR: 0.72 [0.56–0.94], p = 0.0141) have genetically predictive causal relationships.ConclusionIn summary, we employed a series of reliable analytical methods to investigate the association between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases. We have reported several strong associations, but more research is needed to evaluate whether this discovery is replicated in other environments and to gain a better understanding of potential mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the genetic relationship between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Li,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Retrospective analysis of the provision of urological care to patients with chronic balanoposthitis against the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorders

Frantsev

Францева

2023

Issled. prakt. med. (Print)

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The study purpose. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of providing urological care to patients with chronic balanoposthitis on the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorders..Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of phimosis due to chronic balanoposthitis in 95 patients was carried out. All patients were divided into two groups. The 1st group included men who showed signs of impaired carbohydrate metabolism (n = 41; 43.1 %). The 2nd group consisted of patients who had no metabolic disorders (n = 54; 56.9 %). The average age of 41 men of the first group was 48.2 ± 17.5 years, the second group of 54 men – 44.6 ± 15.3 years (p > 0.05). According to the indications, all patients underwent local therapy with antiseptics and antimicrobial drugs. In the presence of frequent relapses of balanoposthitis, persistent pain syndrome, the presence of phimosis according to the indications, circumcision of the foreskin was performed. In all patients, the time of surgery, the volume of blood loss during circumcision, and the duration of wound healing were evaluated. We considered the clinical case completed after complete regeneration of the wound.Results. Conservative therapy of balanoposthitis in patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism was effective in 85.1 %, and in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) only in 9.7 %. Consequently, hyperglycemia reduces the effectiveness of conservative therapy of this disease by eight times. In patients with DM2, circumcision was performed 4.6 times more often than in the control group. The correlation of signs of hyperglycemia and the need for surgical treatment of balanoposthitis was 0.66. The duration of circumcision in group 1 was longer by 7.3 ± 3.6 min. compared with the second group (p < 0.05). Wound healing in patients with DM2 was observed almost twice as long (p < 0.05). Thus, with DM2, balanoposthitis is more difficult to treat. If balanoposthitis has a recurrent course, then circumcision can be considered as the final treatment option.Conclusion. Balanoposthitis in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism often has a chronic form. In patients with DM2, conservative therapy of inflammation of the foreskin of the penis is effective in one out of ten cases. In adult men, balanoposthitis was more common in middle and old age. Among patients of this age, 11 (26.8 %) people had hyperglycemia for the first time. Consequently, men of the above age may be at risk and need more careful examination of the external genitalia and control of the level of glycemia.

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Urologic dermatology: a comprehensive foray into the noninfectious etiologies of balanitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 81 publications

Assessing the genetic relationship between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Assessing the genetic relationship between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Retrospective analysis of the provision of urological care to patients with chronic balanoposthitis against the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorders

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