Keywords: bioactive secondary metabolites; botcinins; botryotinia sp.; marine-derived fungus Marine microorganisms are recognized as an important source of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. 1,2 Studies of marine fungi as potential sources of new bioactive compounds have been relatively limited to date, but such studies have led to the discovery of new natural products, including many with novel carbon skeletons, providing compelling evidence that marine-derived fungi have the potential to be a rich source of pharmaceutical leads. 3,4 The insulin-antagonizing activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a factor in the negative regulation of the insulin pathway and a promising target for treatment of diabetes and obesity. Anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum, PTP1B is involved in the insulin receptor dephosphorylation process, negatively regulating insulin pathway signaling. 5,6 Several studies indicate that PTP1B is also implicated in the inhibition of leptin signaling, which inhibits food intake and promote energy expenditure. 7 As a part of our ongoing studies on PTP1B inhibitory secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms from Korea, we have investigated the chemical constituents of an extract obtained from cultures of the marine-derived fungus Botryotinia sp. SF-5275, of which the organic extract displayed PTP1B inhibitory effect (60% inhibition at the 30 mg ml À1 level). This paper describes the isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity of the metabolites encountered in this investigation.Botryotinia sp. SF-5275 (deposited at the College of Medical and Life Sciences fungal strain repository, Silla University) was isolated from an unidentified marine algae sample collected from Seongsan Port area at Cheju, Korea in February, 2009. The sample was diluted 10-fold using sterile seawater. One milliliter of the diluted sample was processed utilizing the spread plate method using a medium consisting of 24 g of potato dextrose broth (Difco, Sparks, MD, USA) and 20 g of agar (Bio Basics, Inc., Ontario, Canada) in 1 l of 75% filtered natural seawater. The plate was incubated at 25 1C for 14 days. The fungal culture SF-5275 was identified based on analysis of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. A GenBank search with the 28S rRNA gene of SF-5275 (Genbank accession number HQ602686) indicated Botryotinia fuckeliana (AY544651) as the closest match showing sequence identity of 99%. Therefore, the marine-derived fungal strain SF-5275 was characterized as Botryotinia sp.The fungal strain was cultured on 27 petri plates (90 mm), each containing 20 ml of potato dextrose agar medium (2.4% (w/v) potato dextrose broth, 2.0% (w/v) agar) prepared with 75% seawater. Plate cultures were incubated at 25 1C for 14 days. Extraction of the agar media with MEK (1 l) provided an organic phase, which was then concentrated in vacuo to yield 633 mg of an extract. This MEK extract was subjected to C 18 flash column chromatography (5Â40 cm, YMC ODS-A, S-75 mm, YMC Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan),...