US Health Care Spending by Race and Ethnicity, 2002-2016

Dieleman, Joseph L; Chen, Carina; Crosby, Sawyer W; Liu, Angela; McCracken, Darrah; Pollock, Ian; Sahu, Maitreyi; Tsakalos, Golsum; Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura; Haakenstad, Annie; Mokdad, Ali H.; Roth, Gregory A.; Scott, Kirstin W.; Murray, Christopher J L

doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9937

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“… 45 , 46 Indeed, Black individuals have been shown to have lower than average use of any ambulatory care yet greater than average use of emergency department and inpatient care, highlighting missed opportunities to prevent poor health outcomes. 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends and Outcomes Associated With Presence and Type of Usual Clinician Among Older Adults With Multimorbidity

McGlave

Rosenthal

2021

JAMA Netw Open

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends and Outcomes Associated With Presence and Type of Usual Clinician Among Older Adults With Multimorbidity

McGlave

Rosenthal

2021

JAMA Netw Open

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“…56,57 Their health outcomes are analyzed in aggregate and compared with those of other racial groups. 58 In the JAMA special edition, 3 of 4 original investigations [59][60][61] included "Hispanic" as the only ethnic group without further disaggregation. This represents a significant limitation in health equity literature as use of this category often results in the combining of multiple, heterogeneous populations spanning dozens of countries and racial groups as well as highly variable socioeconomic, political, and cultural contexts.…”

Section: Operationalization: Measuring Race and Racismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

et al. 2022

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Differences in health outcomes across racial groups are among the most commonly reported findings in health disparities research. Often, these studies do not explicitly connect observed disparities to mechanisms of systemic racism that drive adverse health outcomes among racialized and other marginalized groups in the United States. Without this connection, investigators inadvertently support harmful narratives of biologic essentialism or cultural inferiority that pathologize racial identities and inhibit health equity. This paper outlines pitfalls in the conceptualization, contextualization, and operationalization of race in quantitative population health research and provides recommendations on how to appropriately engage in scientific inquiry aimed at understanding racial health inequities. Race should not be used as a measure of biologic difference, but rather as a proxy for exposure to systemic racism. Future studies should go beyond this proxy use and directly measure racism and its health impacts.

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“…Future work is needed to explore this further, especially in light of evidence that people of color shoulder the disproportionate burden of being uninsured 46 as well as racial disparities in overall health spending. 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Catastrophic Health Expenditures Among Uninsured People Who Seek Care in US Hospital-Based Emergency Departments

Scott

Sabbatini

et al. 2021

JAMA Health Forum

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IMPORTANCEUninsured people uniquely rely on the emergency department (ED) for care as they are less likely to have access to lower-cost alternatives. Prior work has demonstrated that most uninsured patients are at risk of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) after being hospitalized for life-saving care. The risk of CHE for a single treat-and-release ED visit that does not result in a hospitalization among uninsured patient encounters is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To estimate the overall national risk of CHE among uninsured patients after a single treat-and-release ED visit from 2006 through 2017, and to characterize this risk across key traits. DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION This cross-sectional study is based on a nationally representative sample of hospital-based ED visits between 2006 and 2017 in the United States (US) from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). It examined outpatient ED visits among uninsured patients. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESRisk of CHE for ED care defined as an ED charge that exceeds 40% of one's estimated annual post-subsistence income. RESULTSFrom 2006 to 2017, there were 41.7 million NEDS encounters that met inclusion criteria for this analysis, equating to a nationally weighted estimate of 184.6 million uninsured treat-andrelease ED encounters over this period. The median ED charge for a single treat-and-release

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US Health Care Spending by Race and Ethnicity, 2002-2016

Abstract: IMPORTANCEMeasuring health care spending by race and ethnicity is important for understanding patterns in utilization and treatment. OBJECTIVE To estimate, identify, and account for differences in health care spending by race and ethnicity from 2002 through 2016 in the US.

Cited by 55 publications

References 37 publications

National Trends and Outcomes Associated With Presence and Type of Usual Clinician Among Older Adults With Multimorbidity

National Trends and Outcomes Associated With Presence and Type of Usual Clinician Among Older Adults With Multimorbidity

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

Assessing Catastrophic Health Expenditures Among Uninsured People Who Seek Care in US Hospital-Based Emergency Departments

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