US International Lawyers in the Interwar Years

Abstract

In the interwar years, a group of reform-minded American scholars of international law, such as Quincy Wright and Manley Hudson, challenged traditional international law and strove to establish a 'new' international law in which outlawry of war was institutionalized. They highly valued the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Kellogg–Briand Pact and presented legal arguments in support of them. These scholars were activists in their efforts to promote their views to policy makers and the public. In the US international law community, however, a different group of scholars, notably Edwin Borchard, vehemently opposed the progressive scholars. US International Lawyers in the Interwar Years chronicles those involved in the debate and provides a detailed account of their scholarly works and activities that hitherto have not had the recognition that they deserve.

25.1: Tri‐Fold Flexible AMOLED with High Barrier Passivation Layers

“…For example, displaying a still image consumes a large amount of power due to a high off-state current; manufacturing requires a large number of steps, which increases costs; and special manufacturing equipment such as laser irradiation and ion doping apparatus is required. Thus, although we have developed LTPS [15][16][17][18], we have further developed a CAAC-OS with fewer drawbacks. A CAAC-OS has some advantages: a still image is displayed with low power consumption due to a low off-state current, and a resolution as high as that of LTPS can be obtained.…”

Repeatedly foldable AMOLED display

“…For example, displaying a still image consumes a large amount of power due to a high offstate current; manufacturing requires a large number of steps, which increase costs, and special manufacturing equipment such as laser irradiation and ion doping apparatus is required. Although we have developed LTPS, [15][16][17][18] we have also developed a CAAC-OS with fewer drawbacks. A CAAC-OS has some advantages: A still image is displayed with low power consumption due to a low off-state current; and a resolution as high as that of LTPS can be obtained.…”

11.1: A 4‐mm Radius Curved Display with Touch Screen

“…Low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) used in the backplanes of small-and medium-sized displays requires high power consumption in still image display because of the high off-state current, employs many manufacturing steps that raise cost, and requires special manufacturing apparatus, such as laser irradiation and ion doping apparatus. In addition, the line-shaped laser [11][12][13] used for forming LTPS damages the polyimide separation layer. In contrast, CAAC-OS has the following advantages: a still image is displayed with low power consumption because of the low off-state current; a lowresistance region can be formed in the CAAC-OS film and used as a storage capacitor electrode, simplifying the manufacturing process; definition as high as that achieved by LTPS is obtained; and laser irradiation and ion doping are not required.…”