US Sections Prepared for Future NEA Crystalline Club (CRC) Report on Status of R&amp;D in CRC Countries Investigating Deep Geologic Disposal in Crystalline Rock

Mariner, Paul; Stein, Emily; Kalinina, Elena Arkadievna; Hadgu, Teklu; Jové-Colón, Carlos F.; Basurto, Eduardo

doi:10.2172/1435901

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A potential host type is crystalline rock, e.g., granite, which is considered for a repository in many countries including Germany, Finland, Russia, 15,16 Japan, 17 Sweden, 18 and the United States. 19 Granite consists mainly of quartz, mica (e.g., muscovite), and feldspars. So far, there are only a few studies focusing on the sorption of actinide NPs to mineral phases and the impact of basic aqueous chemistry on such processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the context of a repository for radioactive waste, the host rock is one important barrier. A potential host type is crystalline rock, e.g., granite, which is considered for a repository in many countries including Germany, Finland, Russia, , Japan, Sweden, and the United States . Granite consists mainly of quartz, mica (e.g., muscovite), and feldspars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Background Electrolyte Composition on the Interfacial Formation of Th(IV) Nanoparticles on the Muscovite (001) Basal Plane

et al. 2021

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Understanding the impact of actinide nanoparticle (NP) formation is important to assess radionuclide mobility in the environment. We combined surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and in situ AFM to investigate the previously reported unusual electrolyte effects on Th uptake on mica. At low [Th] (0.1 mM), interfacial structures show a broad Th electron density (∼50 Å). A linear decrease of Th uptake with decreasing hydration enthalpy of the electrolyte cation (Li+, K+, NH4 +, and Cs+) indicates a competitive effect between Th and the electrolyte cation. Na+ is a clear outlier from this trend. In situ AFM imaging confirms the results. Particles show a vertical size of ∼1–2 nm and larger lateral dimensions of ∼10–20 nm, which is typical for particles formed at interfaces (heterogeneous nucleation). At high [Th] = 1 and 3 mM, all investigated electrolytes (ACl, A = Li+, Na+, K+) show similar Th uptake, indicating a much smaller impact of electrolyte composition. The interfacial structures are dominated by a high Th loading at a distinct distance (∼6.5 Å) from the surface. Therefore, the main retention mechanism at high [Th] is suggested to be the sorption of Th NPs aggregated from Th oligomers present in solution (homogeneous nucleation).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Background Electrolyte Composition on the Interfacial Formation of Th(IV) Nanoparticles on the Muscovite (001) Basal Plane

et al. 2021

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“…Crystalline rock is a possible host rock formation for nuclear waste repositories. Some countries have already decided to construct their disposal facility for highly radioactive nuclear waste in granite, , while others are considering crystalline rock in general as a preferred option. − Consequently, many studies have addressed the retention of relevant radionuclides on granite ,− and its components. − Such studies are complicated by the inherent heterogeneity of the material. They will contain at least the three most common main components (quartz, feldspar, and mica) to varying degrees and a plethora of additional minor mineral phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Level Speciation of Eu(III) Adsorbed on a Migmatized Gneiss As Determined Using μTRLFS

Molodtsov

Demnitz

Schymura

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The interaction of Eu(III) with thin sections of migmatized gneiss from the Bukov Underground Research Facility (URF), Czech Republic, was characterized by microfocus time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy (μTRLFS) with a spatial resolution of ∼20 μm, well below typical grain sizes of the material. By this approach, sorption processes can be characterized on the molecular level while maintaining the relationship of the speciation with mineralogy and topography. The sample mineralogy was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy, and the sorption was independently quantified by autoradiography using 152Eu. Representative μTRLFS studies over large areas of multiple mm2 reveal that sorption on the heterogeneous material is not dominated by any of the typical major constituent minerals (quartz, feldspar, and mica). Instead, minor phases such as chlorite and prehnite control the Eu(III) distribution, despite their low contribution to the overall composition of the material, as well as common but less studied phases like Mg–hornblende. In particular, prehnite shows high a sorption uptake as well as strong binding of Eu to the mineral surface. Sorption on prehnite and hornblende happens at the expense of feldspar, which showed the highest sorption uptake in a previous spatially resolved study on granitic rock. Similarly, sorption on quartz is reduced, even though only low quantities of strongly bound Eu(III) were found here previously. Our results illustrate how competition of mineral surfaces for adsorbing cations drives the metal distribution in heterogeneous systems.

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Natural and synthetic plagioclases: Surface charge characterization and sorption of trivalent lanthanides (Eu) and actinides (Am, Cm)

Lessing,

Neumann,

Lützenkirchen

et al. 2024

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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US Sections Prepared for Future NEA Crystalline Club (CRC) Report on Status of R&D in CRC Countries Investigating Deep Geologic Disposal in Crystalline Rock

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of Background Electrolyte Composition on the Interfacial Formation of Th(IV) Nanoparticles on the Muscovite (001) Basal Plane

Effect of Background Electrolyte Composition on the Interfacial Formation of Th(IV) Nanoparticles on the Muscovite (001) Basal Plane

Molecular-Level Speciation of Eu(III) Adsorbed on a Migmatized Gneiss As Determined Using μTRLFS

Natural and synthetic plagioclases: Surface charge characterization and sorption of trivalent lanthanides (Eu) and actinides (Am, Cm)

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