In recent years, with the rapid progress of educational information techniques, the application of computer teaching methods in school education has also shown a constantly changing trend. How to change the traditional classroom structure, improve the teachers’ information literacy, build a new information-based teaching format, and promote the integration of information technique and pedagogy have become an important topic of the current educational research study. Machine learning is a key technology in artificial intelligence and is widely used in various fields. The core of educational informatization is to carry out personalized learning, and the main auxiliary technology of personalized learning is machine learning. So, this article studied the influence of machine learning-based educational informatization on the teaching mode. Through the investigation and research methods, this article found that the educational informatization teaching mode based on machine learning is helpful to improve students’ autonomous learning ability, comprehensive ability, and learning effect. In the information-based teaching mode, the learning effect reached a maximum of about 90, with an average increase of 12, which showed that the educational information-based teaching mode based on machine learning is feasible.