Abstract:The theoretical controversy that surrounds the acquisition of a second or foreign language is seemingly unending. Though there are dissensions in the literature, past studies had indicated that scholars tended to fall into two groups of schools of thought, the usage-based and the universal grammar-based approaches in second language acquisition. This paper reviews the literature of recently published findings in scholarly papers and contrasted the varied views of how second language can be acquired. Empirical … Show more
“…A usage-based approach is thus aligned with CDST, where linguistic knowledge emerges as a network of interrelated and interacting components. In contrast, from a modular perspective, language abilities are thought to stem from an innate universal grammar, whereby different types of language knowledge rely on autonomous modules within the mind (Tan & Shojamanesh, 2019). Figure 3. A network model of individual differences in native language ultimate attainment. Note : The nodes in this network are composite scores representing three measures of language proficiency and four individual differences.…”
Section: Examplementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A usage-based approach is thus aligned with CDST, where linguistic knowledge emerges as a network of interrelated and interacting components. In contrast, from a modular perspective, language abilities are thought to stem from an innate universal grammar, whereby different types of language knowledge rely on autonomous modules within the mind (Tan & Shojamanesh, 2019). Dąbrowska (2018) discusses the plausibility of these two theories in connection with analyses of a dataset of 90 native English speakers' performance on different linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.…”
Network analysis is a method used to explore the structural relationships between people or organizations, and more recently between psychological constructs. Network analysis is a novel technique that can be used to model psychological constructs that influence language learning as complex systems, with longitudinal data, or cross-sectional data. The majority of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) research in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) to date has been time-intensive, with a focus on analyzing intraindividual variation with dense longitudinal data collection. The question of how to model systems from a structural perspective using relation-intensive methods is an underexplored dimension of CDST research in applied linguistics. To expand our research agenda, we highlight the potential that psychological networks have for studying individual differences in language learning. We provide two empirical examples of network models using cross-sectional datasets that are publicly available online. We believe that this methodology can complement time-intensive approaches and that it has the potential to contribute to the development of new dimensions of CDST research in applied linguistics.
“…A usage-based approach is thus aligned with CDST, where linguistic knowledge emerges as a network of interrelated and interacting components. In contrast, from a modular perspective, language abilities are thought to stem from an innate universal grammar, whereby different types of language knowledge rely on autonomous modules within the mind (Tan & Shojamanesh, 2019). Figure 3. A network model of individual differences in native language ultimate attainment. Note : The nodes in this network are composite scores representing three measures of language proficiency and four individual differences.…”
Section: Examplementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A usage-based approach is thus aligned with CDST, where linguistic knowledge emerges as a network of interrelated and interacting components. In contrast, from a modular perspective, language abilities are thought to stem from an innate universal grammar, whereby different types of language knowledge rely on autonomous modules within the mind (Tan & Shojamanesh, 2019). Dąbrowska (2018) discusses the plausibility of these two theories in connection with analyses of a dataset of 90 native English speakers' performance on different linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.…”
Network analysis is a method used to explore the structural relationships between people or organizations, and more recently between psychological constructs. Network analysis is a novel technique that can be used to model psychological constructs that influence language learning as complex systems, with longitudinal data, or cross-sectional data. The majority of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) research in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) to date has been time-intensive, with a focus on analyzing intraindividual variation with dense longitudinal data collection. The question of how to model systems from a structural perspective using relation-intensive methods is an underexplored dimension of CDST research in applied linguistics. To expand our research agenda, we highlight the potential that psychological networks have for studying individual differences in language learning. We provide two empirical examples of network models using cross-sectional datasets that are publicly available online. We believe that this methodology can complement time-intensive approaches and that it has the potential to contribute to the development of new dimensions of CDST research in applied linguistics.
“…Experts in the area came to see that the terms 'acquire/acquisition' could to be devoted to 'first language acquisition'. However, Krashen (1985;2003;2004; and Klein (1988), Tan and Shojamanesh (2019) and many others used 'acquisition' even for a second language. Chomsky (1996:13) also investigated the sub-system of the brain in language acquisition as follows: Dulay, and Krashen (1982) claim that there is a methodical and subjective indication to support the view that children are better at language acquisition than adults.…”
Section: Language Acquisition and Language Learningmentioning
Research shows many problems and ambiguities of second language acquisition (SLA), which have made learners and readers worldwide unsatisfied. Therefore, this study attempts to highlight theories and research that have comprehensive explanations of the problems and ambiguities of second language acquisition, which learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) face while learning a second or foreign language. After that, the study discusses a framework discussion on second language acquisition (SLA). It discusses the historical background of SLA research on different decades and the most notable views of different scholars throughout the past decades on second language acquisition. This study is a longitudinal research that identifies the advantages that could be an assist to English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Longitudinal research is always based on the qualitative method. This study's data is based on the qualitative method that collects views, opinions, materials, and earlier studies on second language acquisition (SLA). It reveals the most significant theories which precisely connected to second language acquisition (SLA) and largely to applied linguistics. The study resulted in that: (i) second language acquisition still has several doubts and ambiguities in its many different aspects, (ii). In this study, the researcher summarizes second language acquisition (SLA) research's main goals and draws comparisons on the scholars' dissimilarities between language learning and second language acquisition (SLA) on different perceptions that could give insights towards learning of second and foreign languages easily by the English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners.
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