Usage of Morphological Mutations for Improvement of a Garden Pea (Pisum sativum): The Experience of Breeding in Russia

Abstract

The improvement of pea as a crop over many decades has been employing the use of mutants. Several hundreds of different mutations are known in pea (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum), some of which are valuable for breeding. Breeding strategies may be diverse in different countries depending on different obstacles. In Russia, numerous spontaneous and induced mutations have been implemented in breeding. To our knowledge some of these, are not used in pea breeding beyond Russia. This review describes the use of mutations in pea breeding in Russia. The paper provides examples of cultivars created on the basis of mutations affecting the development of seeds (def), inflorescence (det, deh), compound leaves (af, af unitac), and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (various alleles of Sym and Nod loci). Novel mutations which are potentially promising for breeding are currently being investigated. Together with numerous cultivars of dry and fodder pea carrying commonly known mutations, new ‘chameleon’ and ‘lupinoid’ morphotypes, both double mutants, are under study. A cultivar Triumph which increases the effectiveness of interactions with beneficial soil microbes, was bred in Russia for the first time in the history of legume breeding.

Optimizing Seeding Ratio for Semi-Leafless and Leafed Pea Mixture with Precise UAV Quantification of Crop Lodging

“…Previous studies reported that the leafed type has a greater leaf area than the semi-leafless type at the vegetative stage [25,38]. However, the dense canopy causes a reduction in light penetration to lower plant parts and corresponds with a decrease in photosynthetic activity [39]. In comparison, the semi-leafless type has extended stipules and tendrils in the lower parts which might compensate for the reduction in leaf area and supply for the root and lower reproductive nodes.…”

Innovations in functional genomics and molecular breeding of pea: exploring advances and opportunities

“…These loci have been utilized to develop varieties that are dwarfed, resistant to lodging, and mature uniformly (Tian et al 2010 ). However, pea varieties developed using the det allele, like ‘Determinantnyi VSKhI’, have a lower yield compared to traditional indeterminate varieties, preventing them from becoming the primary loci for breeding modifications (Kondykov et al 2006 ; Sinjushin et al 2022 ).…”

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

“…Like many other leguminous, peas often grow unlimitedly, producing numerous axillary inflorescences along a stem. 414 The pea has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) in the soil through the bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum, which resides in its roots and transforms N 2 into ammonia (NH 3 ). [415][416][417][418] This ability increases soil fertility and, consequently, benefits the environment, as it reduces the need to use chemical nitrogen fertilizers.…”