“…Globally, shellfish have also played a large role in folklore, such as the nomenclature of the taxonomical classification and organism recognition system, or folk beliefs relating to taboos in societies (Iida and Nawa 200;Matsui 1983Matsui : 1989Tsuji 2013b), and they have also spurred creativity (Safer and Gill 1986). Humans have used shellfish for diverse purposes -shellfish trading motivated people's movements and travels (Goto 2010;Mori 2004;Ueda 2016;Yanagita 1967); shellfish were made into tools (e.g., fishing hooks and axes) for hunting (Chikamori 1989;Naora 1976;Ono 2011); shellfish have served as ancient ornaments and money (to indicate power or fortune) (Akimichi 1988;Malinowski 2010;Shirai 1997aShirai , 1997bShirai , 1997cStearns 1889;Thomas 1991), magical and religious objects Leo Néto et al 2012;Yamazato 1997), traditional medicine (Alves 2009;Alves and Alves 2011), new drug developments, architecture (Alcina 2004;Bautista 2003) , and other modern chemical uses (Scales 2016); furthermore, shellfish are used as souvenirs (Alves et al 2018;Dias et al 2011;Nijman et al 2015), including pearls (Bain 1987;Yamada 2013); and they promote tourism (Gössling et al 2004). Shellfish continue to not only enrich fisherfolks' lives by providing nutrition but also support the economy of the Philippines by providing revenue (Laureta 2008).…”