Background and Objective:
Due to the well-documented anti-proliferative activity of 2-thiohydantoin incorporated with pyrazole, oxadiazole, quinazoline, urea, β‑naphthyl carbamate and Schiff bases they are noteworthy in pharmaceutical chemistry.
Methods:
An efficient approach for the synthesis of a novel series of 2-thiohydantoin derivatives incorporated with pyrazole
and oxadiazole has proceeded via the reaction of the acyl hydrazide with chalcones and/or triethyl orthoformate. Schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of the acyl hydrazide with different aromatic aldehydes. Also, Curtius rearrangement
was applied to the acyl azide to obtain the urea derivative, quinazoline derivative, and carbamate derivative.
Results:
The synthesized compounds structures were discussed and confirmed depending on their spectral data. The anticancer activity of these heterocyclic compounds was evaluated against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), where they
showed variable activity. Compound 5d found to has a superior anticancer activity, where it has (IC50 = 2.07 ± 0.13 µg /
mL) in comparison with the reference drug doxorubicin that has (IC50 = 2.79 ± 0.07 µg / mL). Then compound 5d subjected
to further studies such as cell cycle analysis and apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by the up-regulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and the increase of the caspase 3/7percentage.
Conclusion:
Insertion of pyrazole, oxadiazole and, quinazoline moieties with 2-thiohydantoin moiety led to the enhancement of its anti-proliferative activity. Hence they can be used as anticancer agents.