Use of 2,2?-Azobis(2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride as a Reagent Tool for Evaluation of Oxidative Stability of Drugs

Abstract

The proposed AAPH model is useful in assessing oxidative stability of drug candidates in development.

Oxidative stress stimulates α-tocopherol transfer protein in human trophoblast tumor cells BeWo

“…These alkyl radicals can react with oxygen to form peroxyl radicals. Peroxyl radicals have been reported to oxidize both cell membranes and intracellular components by initiating lipid peroxidation [2] . BSO is an irreversible inhibitor of γ -glutamylcysteine synthase and thus of de novo glutathione synthesis [5] , drastically reducing cytoplasmic antioxidant capacity.…”

“…BeWo cells (4 × 10 5 cells per slide) were grown in quadriperms (Greiner Bio-One, Solingen, Germany) in the presence of 0.01 mM AAPH (Polysciences Europe, Eppelheim, Germany) or 0.4 mM BSO (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), as previously described [2,5] . Slides were incubated for 4,6,8,24, and 48 h. Untreated cells, cultured for equal durations, served as controls.…”

“…In this study, we proved that oxidative stress can induce α -TTP expression on the BeWo human choriocarcinoma cell line -a cell line which generally serves as a model for trophoblast cell assays. Oxidative stress was chemically induced by 2,2 ′ -azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH -inducing free radicals in the culture medium) [2] and by l-buthionine-( S , R )-sulfoximine (BSO -inhibiting de novo synthesis of glutathione) [5] . Considering that this could mimic the corresponding oxidative stress found in human reproduction, we theorized that the current fi nding could highlight an antioxidant vitE-related mechanism met not only in normal pregnancy, but in pregnancy pathophysiology as well.…”

Application of near infrared spectroscopy for the rapid determination of antioxidant activity of bamboo leaf extract

“…Besides the investigation of the radical-scavenging properties of the presented drugs (Betigeri, Thakur, & Raghavan, 2005;Vosters & Neve, 2002), many works have devoted their efforts to identify the valid ingredients of natural compounds extracted from plant sources for scavenging radicals (Ng, Liu, & Wang, 2000), such as fresh apples (Eberhardt, Lee, & Liu, 2000) and black rice bran (Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, & Liu, 2010). Among these natural compounds, the extract of bamboo leaves (EBL) is considered to be a good source of antioxidants.…”

Detection of phosphatidylserine with a modified polar head group in human keratinocytes exposed to the radical generator AAPH

“…The AAPH peroxyl radical intermediate is the reactive oxygen species responsible for the oxidation of biomolecules such as lipids and peptides and proteins. The formation of the GPAA derivatives occurs due to the AAPH-induced oxidation at the serine polar head-group, similar to the mechanism that occurs in amino acids and peptides [32]. This reaction is proposed to be initiated by the AAPH peroxyl radical, which causes the abstraction of the hydrogen linked to the α-carbon, generating a tertiary radical that is stabilized by the amine nitrogen and carbonyl group [31].…”