Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate dispersal and deposition of grass stem rust urediniospores at landscape scale

Pfender, W. F.; Graw, R.; Bradley, William A.; Carney, M.; Maxwell, Louis R.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.06.007

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tools are available for modeling the trajectories of air masses and they have been applied to evaluating the long distance dissemination of various fungal pathogens and insect vectors of plant disease (Davis, 1987;Prospero et al, 2005;Pan et al, 2006;Pfender et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2006;Aylor et al, 2011). For microorganisms with a multitude of possible emission sources, such tools have been recently applied to describe the global dispersion of airborne bacteria and archaea with winds (Smith et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Monteil¹,

Bardin²,

Morris³

2014

The ISME Journal

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Clarifying the role of precipitation in microbial dissemination is essential for elucidating the processes involved in disease emergence and spread. The ecology of Pseudomonas syringae and its presence throughout the water cycle makes it an excellent model to address this issue. In this study, 90 samples of freshly fallen rain and snow collected from 2005-2011 in France were analyzed for microbiological composition. The conditions favorable for dissemination of P. syringae by this precipitation were investigated by (i) estimating the physical properties and backward trajectories of the air masses associated with each precipitation event and by (ii) characterizing precipitation chemistry, and genetic and phenotypic structures of populations. A parallel study with the fungus Botrytis cinerea was also performed for comparison. Results showed that (i) the relationship of P. syringae to precipitation as a dissemination vector is not the same for snowfall and rainfall, whereas it is the same for B. cinerea and (ii) the occurrence of P. syringae in precipitation can be linked to electrical conductivity and pH of water, the trajectory of the air mass associated with the precipitation and certain physical conditions of the air mass (i.e. temperature, solar radiation exposure, distance traveled), whereas these predictions are different for B. cinerea. These results are pertinent to understanding microbial survival, emission sources and atmospheric processes and how they influence microbial dissemination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Monteil¹,

Bardin²,

Morris³

2014

The ISME Journal

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“…The spatial patterns of the pollen sources are based on vegetation distribution maps, which are subject to large uncertainties (Sofiev et al, , 2013Skjøth et al, 2010;Pauling et al, 2011). For pollen transport modeling, the pollen dispersion is either modeled by Lagrangian trajectory models such as PAPPUS (Tackenberg et al, 2003), SMOP-2D (Jarosz et al, 2004), CALPUFF (Pfender et al, 2006), and HYSPLIT (Pasken and Pietrowicz, 2005;Verinakaite et al, 2010), or by Gaussian advection-diffusion models such as ADMS (Hunt et al, 2001), DRAIS/MADEsoot (Helbig et al, 2004), Aquilon (Dupont et al, 2006), andMETRAS (Schuler andSchlünzen, 2006). Some key physical modules, such as dry deposition due to gravity, washout by precipitation, and resuspension by updrafts, can be parameterized explicitly into a model (Helbig et al, 2004;Kuparinen, 2006;Siljamo et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Exposure to bioaerosol allergens such as pollen can cause exacerbations of allergenic airway disease (AAD) in sensitive populations, and thus cause serious public health problems. Assessing these health impacts by linking the airborne pollen levels, concentrations of respirable allergenic material, and human allergenic response under current and future climate conditions is a key step toward developing preventive and adaptive actions. To that end, a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework was developed that treats allergenic pollens as non-reactive tracers within the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ) modeling system. The Simulator of the Timing and Magnitude of Pollen Season (STaMPS) model was used to generate a daily pollen pool that can then be emitted into the atmosphere by wind. The STaMPS is driven by species-specific meteorological (temperature and/or precipitation) threshold conditions and is designed to be flexible with respect to its representation of vegetation species and plant functional types (PFTs). The hourly pollen emission flux was parameterized by considering the pollen pool, friction velocity, and wind threshold values. The dry deposition velocity of each species of pollen was estimated based on pollen grain size and density. An evaluation of the pollen modeling framework was conducted for southern California (USA) for the period from March to June 2010. This period coincided with observations by the University of Southern California's Children's Health Study (CHS), which included O 3 , PM 2.5 , and pollen count, as well as measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in study participants. Two nesting domains with horizontal resolutions of 12 and 4 km were constructed, and six representative allergenic pollen genera were included: birch tree, walnut tree, mulberry tree, olive tree, oak tree, and brome grasses. Under the current parameterization scheme, the modeling framework tends to underestimate walnut and peak oak pollen concentrations, and tends to overestimate grass pollen concentrations. The model shows reasonable agreement with observed birch, olive, and mulberry tree pollen concentrations. Sensitivity studies suggest that the estimation of the pollen pool is a major source of uncertainty for simulated pollen concentrations. Achieving agreement between emission modeling and observed pattern of pollen releases is the key for successful pollen concentration simulations.

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“…This is highly accentuated during harvest: 1 h of combining (about 5 ha of wheat) can liberate about 10 13 urediospores (Friesen et al, 2001). Likewise, for stem rust of perennial ryegrass it has been estimated that 10 14 spores can be liberated from a 50 ha field in 24 h (Pfender et al, 2006). Spore release can result in nearground (2 m) urediospore concentrations of 10 3 to 10 6 m −3 (Gregory, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urediospores of rust fungi are ice nucleation active at > −10 °C and harbor ice nucleation active bacteria

Morris

Sands

Glaux³

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

112

124

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Abstract. Various features of the biology of the rust fungi and of the epidemiology of the plant diseases they cause illustrate the important role of rainfall in their life history. Based on this insight we have characterized the ice nucleation activity (INA) of the aerially disseminated spores (urediospores) of this group of fungi. Urediospores of this obligate plant parasite were collected from natural infections of 7 species of weeds in France, from coffee in Brazil and from field and greenhouse-grown wheat in France, the USA, Turkey and Syria. Immersion freezing was used to determine freezing onset temperatures and the abundance of ice nuclei in suspensions of washed spores. Microbiological analyses of spores from France, the USA and Brazil, and subsequent tests of the ice nucleation activity of the bacteria associated with spores were deployed to quantify the contribution of bacteria to the ice nucleation activity of the spores. All samples of spores were ice nucleation active, having freezing onset temperatures as high as −4 °C. Spores in most of the samples carried cells of ice nucleation-active strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae (at rates of less than 1 bacterial cell per 100 urediospores), but bacterial INA accounted for only a small fraction of the INA observed in spore suspensions. Changes in the INA of spore suspensions after treatment with lysozyme suggest that the INA of urediospores involves a polysaccharide. Based on data from the literature, we have estimated the concentrations of urediospores in air at cloud height and in rainfall. These quantities are very similar to those reported for other biological ice nucleators in these same substrates. However, at cloud level convective activity leads to widely varying concentrations of particles of surface origin, so that mean concentrations can underestimate their possible effects on clouds. We propose that spatial and temporal concentrations of biological ice nucleators active at temperatures > −10 °C and the specific conditions under which they can influence cloud glaciation need to be further evaluated so as to understand how evolutionary processes could have positively selected for INA.

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Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate dispersal and deposition of grass stem rust urediniospores at landscape scale

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease

Urediospores of rust fungi are ice nucleation active at > −10 °C and harbor ice nucleation active bacteria

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Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate dispersal and deposition of grass stem rust urediniospores at landscape scale

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Features of air masses associated with the deposition of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea by rain and snowfall

Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease

Urediospores of rust fungi are ice nucleation active at &gt; −10 °C and harbor ice nucleation active bacteria

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Urediospores of rust fungi are ice nucleation active at > −10 °C and harbor ice nucleation active bacteria