Use of a Geographic Information System in Site‐Specific Ground‐Water Modeling a

Sankar

2010

Environ Monit Assess

Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) has become one of the leading tools in the field of groundwater research, which helps in assessing, monitoring, and conserving groundwater resources. This paper mainly deals with the integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS to delineate groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain. Digitized vector maps pertaining to chosen parameters, viz. geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover, lineament, relief, and drainage, were converted to raster data using 23 m×23 m grid cell size. Moreover, curvature of the study area was also considered while manipulating the spatial data. The raster maps of these parameters were assigned to their respective theme weight and class weights. The individual theme weight was multiplied by its respective class weight and then all the raster thematic layers were aggregated in a linear combination equation in Arc Map GIS Raster Calculator module. Moreover, the weighted layers were statistically modeled to get the areal extent of groundwater prospects with respect to each thematic layer. The final result depicts the favorable prospective zones in the study area and can be helpful in better planning and management of groundwater resources especially in hard rock terrains.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain using geospatial technology

Sankar

2010

Environ Monit Assess

SSSA Special Publications

“…GIS is commonly used in scientific applications for spatial analysis that is analysis requiring both locational and attribute data (Goodchild, 1988). Use of GIS in hydrology has been expanded to include water flow modeling in both groundwater (El-Kadi et al, 1994;Roaza et al, 1993;Baker & Panciera, 1990) and in the vadose zone (Vaughan & Corwin, 1994). Coupling of the various flow models to a GIS creates a functional environment for display and spatial analysis of both input data and computed results.…”

Section: Gismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example of a groundwater flow model that was coupled to a GIS is MOC, a two-dimensional flow and transport model (El-Kadi et al, 1994). MOC is loosely-coupled to the GIS, meaning that the numerical model is running as a standalone program with data transfer accomplished by means of text files.…”

Section: Gismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unsatchemgeo: Modeling Water Flow and Multicomponent Solute Transport in a GIS Context

Vaughan

Šimůnek

Suarez

et al. 2015

The one-dimensional version of the Unsatchem model was interfaced to a geographic information system (GIS). Unsatchem is a finite-element model of water flow in the vadose zone coupled with multicomponent solute transport, production and transport of CO*, and heat in addition to a major ion model of chemical speciation and kinetics. The new version, Unsatchemgeo, runs in a geographic context in association with the GIS, such that data required by the model are obtained directly from database tables and computed results are written to other database tables. This direct method for input and output of data is faster by a factor of 4.7 than an earlier approach utilizing the native macro language of the GIS. Support programs were written for initial generation of the INFO database and input of data in text form. To investigate the advantages and limitations of the coupled approach, Unsatchemgeo simulated water movement in a tile-drained agricultural field. Observed cumulative drainage flow from the tile drain system is greater than calculated drainage through the lower boundary of the model, by a factor in the range 1.2 to 2.1, for all times and at all locations. Also, the onset of increased tile drain flow occurs prior to the start of irrigations. These results and observations indicate the existence of water sources for drainage other than water supplied during irrigation of this field,The Unsatchem model, a finite-element code for solution of coupled flow problems, treats water flow, multicomponent chemical transport, heat transport, CO2 transport, and plant root water uptake in the vadose zone (Suarez & Simunek, 1992;Simunek & Suarez, 1994). This chapter reports the coupling of the onedimensional version of Unsatchem to the ARC/INFO' GIS system. Coupling involved a rewrite of portions of the original Unsatchem program to facilitate operation in a geographic context and the addition of routines for interfacing Unsatchem to ARC/INFO. The chapter is concerned with issues relevant to data manipulation when coupling a complex model such as Unsatchem to a geo-1 The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S.

SSSA Special Publications

“…Numerous hydrologic-water quality models of runoff and soil erosion have been used with a GIS to determine surface sources of NPS pollutants from watersheds (Pelletier, 1985;Potter et al, 1986;Oslin et al, 1988;Sivertun et al, 1988;DeRoo et al, 1989DeRoo et al, , 1992Rudra et al, 1991;Bhaskar et al, 1992;Drayton et al, 1992;Joao & Walsh, 1992;Tim et al, 1992;Walker et al, 1992;Wolfe, 1992;He et al, 1993;Heidtke & Auer, 1993;Levine et al, 1993;Mitchell et al, 1993;Warwick & Haness, 1994) agricultural areas (Hopkins & Clausen, 1985;Gilliland & Baxter-Potter, 1987;Hession & Shanholtz, 1988Panuska & Moore, 1991;Hamlett et al, 1992;Lee & White, 1992;Geleta et al, 1994;Tim & Jolly, 1994) and urban areas (Smith & Brilly, 1992;Smith, 1993;Ventura & Kim, 1993). In addition, several groundwater models have been coupled to a GIS to simulate water flow and/or NPS pol-lutants in aquifers (Kernodle & Philip, 1989;Baker & Panciera, 1990;Hinaman, 1993;Roaza et al, 1993;El-Kadi et al, 1994;Darling & Hubbard, 1994). Integrated surface and groundwater hydrologic models have been coupled to a GIS with the vadose zone either grossly simplified or completely ignored (Powers et al, 1989;…”

Section: Gis-based Models For Nps Pollution Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Applications of Deterministic Solute Transport Models for Regional-Scale Assessment of Non-Point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone

Corwin

2015

In recent years, worldwide attention has shifted from point source to non-point source (NPS) pollutants, particularly with regard to the pollution of surface and subsurface sources of drinking water. This is due to the widespread occurrence and potential chronic health effects of NPS pollutants. The ubiquitous nature of NPS pollutants poses a complex technical problem. The area1 extent of their contamination increases the complexity and sheer volume of data required for assessment far beyond that of typical point source pollutants. The spatial nature of the NPS pollution problem necessitates the use of a geographic information system (GIS) to manipulate, retrieve, and display the large volumes of spatial data. This chapter provides an overview of the components (i.e., spatial variability, scale dependency, parameter-data estimation and measurement, uncertainty analysis, and others) required to successfully model NPS pollutants with GIS and a review of recent applications of GIS to the modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone with deterministic solute transport models. The compatibility, strengths, and weaknesses of coupling a GIS to deterministic one-dimensional transport models are discussed. BACKGROUND IN NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS