“…HbA 1c levels were found to be related to cardiovascular and renal
complications following open heart surgery [9] . Multiple factors have been implicated as
contributors to postoperative AKI, including advanced age, female gender, presence
of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, extended time between heart
catheterization and surgery, aortic cross clamp time, duration of cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB), and blood transfusion following surgery [6] .…”