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Purpose of Review With the recent advances in augmented reality (AR), cardiologists can better understand three-dimensional (3D) cardiac anatomy and improve the accuracy of complex cardiovascular procedures. In this article, we describe the current AR technology, review studies investigating AR in cardiology, and speculate on its potential future applications. Recent Findings When developing an AR system for cardiology, researchers should consider several components, such as image acquisition and 3D reconstruction from advanced cardiovascular imaging, image registration, rendering on display devices, and human-computer interaction. In this article, we reviewed AR applications in various cardiology fields, including coronary and vascular interventions, structural heart interventions, electrophysiological procedures, vascular access, and cardiovascular surgery. In procedural and surgical planning, AR can provide preprocedural 3D imaging of the cardiac anatomy. Real-time AR imaging potentially reduces procedural time, radiation exposure, and contrast use. It improves accuracy and success rates. Furthermore, AR improves healthcare providers’ training and education and may contribute to reducing the learning curve. Summary Applying AR in cardiology is promising because it provides a virtual heart anatomy in the physical world. Future studies are required to prove its clinical applicability and demonstrate its safety and efficacy.
Purpose of Review With the recent advances in augmented reality (AR), cardiologists can better understand three-dimensional (3D) cardiac anatomy and improve the accuracy of complex cardiovascular procedures. In this article, we describe the current AR technology, review studies investigating AR in cardiology, and speculate on its potential future applications. Recent Findings When developing an AR system for cardiology, researchers should consider several components, such as image acquisition and 3D reconstruction from advanced cardiovascular imaging, image registration, rendering on display devices, and human-computer interaction. In this article, we reviewed AR applications in various cardiology fields, including coronary and vascular interventions, structural heart interventions, electrophysiological procedures, vascular access, and cardiovascular surgery. In procedural and surgical planning, AR can provide preprocedural 3D imaging of the cardiac anatomy. Real-time AR imaging potentially reduces procedural time, radiation exposure, and contrast use. It improves accuracy and success rates. Furthermore, AR improves healthcare providers’ training and education and may contribute to reducing the learning curve. Summary Applying AR in cardiology is promising because it provides a virtual heart anatomy in the physical world. Future studies are required to prove its clinical applicability and demonstrate its safety and efficacy.
This review explores the transformative applications of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies in interventional cardiology. The integration of these cutting-edge systems offers unprecedented potential to enhance visualization, guidance, and outcomes during complex cardiac interventional procedures. This review examines four key domains: (1) medical AR/MR systems and technological foundations; (2) clinical applications across procedures like TAVI, PCI, and electrophysiology mapping; (3) ongoing technology development and validation efforts; and (4) educational and training applications for fostering essential skills. By providing an in-depth analysis of the benefits, challenges, and future directions, this work elucidates the paradigm shift catalyzed by AR and MR in advancing interventional cardiology practices. Through meticulous exploration of technological, clinical, and educational implications, this review underscores the pivotal role of these innovative technologies in optimizing procedural guidance, improving patient outcomes, and driving innovation in cardiovascular care.
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