Use of a Perceptually Based Apparatus to Train Adult Women's Performance on a Piagetian Measure of the Horizontality Concept

Abstract

A segmented container called the V-box was designed to train adult subjects who fail a Piagetian type measure of the horizontality concept. The first segment appears round when viewed from straight an and virtually all adults were able to predict correctly howthe water line would appear when this segment was half filled with water. Partitions can be removed and the water allowed to fill up the entire container which has straight-line boundaries. On a pretest, 28 of 43 subjects failedto indicate the water line correctly on the container, when its straight-line characteristics were apparent. Of these 28, 18 were able to do so after being exposed gradually to the container's rounded segment and, step by step, to its elongated segments with straight-line boundaries. The difference in pre- to posttest change in performance between these 18 subjects and the 10 control subjects was significant.

The development of ideas about an economic institution: A cross‐national replication

“…Hence the growing interest i n various forms o f social cognition, which plays a prominent part in coping with everyday life. Adults can lead normal lives even if they lack the horizontality concept (Leino & Willemsen, 1976). but they would be severely handicapped if they failed t o understand the exchange function of money.…”