Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to study response to oxytetracycline treatment in experimental Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae infection in alpacas

Tornquist, Susan J.; Boeder, L. J.; Cebra, Christopher K.; Messick, Joanne B.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.70.9.1102

Cited by 29 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The assay was used in experimental infections and showed that many camelids are subclinical chronic carriers. Some of the experimentally infected camelids were transiently anemic, while others were not, and they did not develop fever, depression, or hypoglycemia ( 9 The PCR assay had been used diagnostically in more than 6,000 blood samples from all over the United States as well as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. There have been no reports documenting whether infection was present in llamas or alpacas in South America.…”

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma Haemolamae Infection in Peruvian and Chilean Llamas and Alpacas

et al. 2010

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Mycoplasma haemolamae is a hemotropic mycoplasma that affects red blood cells of llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos). It is variably associated with anemia, and most infections are subclinical. Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay has facilitated detection of this infection in llamas and alpacas in the United States and other countries. Whether the infection occurs in camelids in South America has previously been unknown. The current study documents a 15.8% infection rate among 76 Peruvian llamas, a 19.3% infection rate among Peruvian alpacas at one site, and a 9.26% infection rate in 108 Chilean alpacas from selected herds. All of the camelids tested appeared to be clinically healthy. No gender or species predilection was found. Only 1 positive camelid younger than 18 months was found. Infection is not associated with anemia, and the mean packed cell volume (PCV) in positive Peruvian camelids was slightly higher than the mean PCV in negative Peruvian camelids. In the Chilean alpacas, the positive alpacas had a slightly lower PCV than the negative alpacas, although the mean PCV was not in the anemic range in any of the groups.

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma Haemolamae Infection in Peruvian and Chilean Llamas and Alpacas

et al. 2010

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“…Although the majority of infected camelids have the asymptomatic chronic form of the infection (3, 6), crias and animals experiencing stress, such as parturition and gestation, may develop severe, life-threatening anemia (acute disease) (4-6). Moreover, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae" is known to persist in the host despite antibiotic treatment and/or an immune response (10). Mechanisms by which "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae" evades the immune system and causes chronic disease, as well as those that trigger development of acute disease, are poorly understood.…”

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Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae” Strain Purdue, a Red Blood Cell Pathogen of Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and Llamas (Lama glama)

et al. 2012

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“…These findings are similar to those of a recent study in alpacas, in which treatment with oxytetracycline was not associated with faster clearance of ''Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae'' infection. 24 However, in cats, studies 6,7,[20][21][22] using qPCR have demonstrated the effectiveness of both doxycycline and fluoroquinolones in reducing copy numbers of feline hemoplasmas and improving clinical signs, but again, clearance of infection is not always achieved. Given the long duration of treatment with no marked change in M. haemocanis copy numbers, it is likely that the resolution of clinical disease in the present case was due to the development of an effective immune response by the dog.…”

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Use of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Monitor Antibiotic Therapy in a Dog with Naturally Acquired Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection

Hulme-Moir

Barker

Stonelake³

et al. 2010

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Mycoplasma haemocanis is a hemotropic bacterium that can be associated with acute hemolytic disease in immunocompromised or splenectomized dogs. The present case report describes for the first time the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to monitor M. haemocanis infection in a splenectomized dog. The report also describes the application of real-time qPCR for the analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from stained blood films. The analysis of blood films from the time of initial presentation allowed a retrospective confirmation of M. haemocanis infection. The M. haemocanis copy numbers remained high throughout antibiotic treatment of this dog. A decline in copy numbers was only recorded after 11 months of therapy, when improvements in clinical and hematological indices were also noted. Clearance of infection was not achieved, and the dog remained positive for M. haemocanis at 3.5 months postcessation of antibiotic therapy. Cytological examination of blood films for the presence of organisms was insensitive for the detection of parasitemia.

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Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to study response to oxytetracycline treatment in experimental Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae infection in alpacas

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of Mycoplasma Haemolamae Infection in Peruvian and Chilean Llamas and Alpacas

Prevalence of Mycoplasma Haemolamae Infection in Peruvian and Chilean Llamas and Alpacas

Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae” Strain Purdue, a Red Blood Cell Pathogen of Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and Llamas (Lama glama)

Use of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Monitor Antibiotic Therapy in a Dog with Naturally Acquired Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection

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