Use of a Prestorage Leukoreduction Filter Effectively Removes Leukocytes from Canine Whole Blood While Preserving Red Blood Cell Viability

Abstract

Leukoreduction of blood products is a technique used to prevent leukocyte-induced transfusion reactions. Filters currently used for human blood products achieve at least a 99.9% reduction in leukocyte numbers per unit (450 mL) of blood. Goals of this study were to determine if a prestorage leukoreduction filter could effectively achieve leukoreduction of canine blood and to determine if viability of the leukoreduced red blood cell (RBC) product could be maintained after 35 days of storage. Blood collected from each dog was filtered through a leukoreduction filter at either room temperature or after cooling (4C) for 4 hours. Filtration efficacy was determined by measurement of pre-and postfiltration leukocyte counts. In vitro viability of RBCs was determined by comparing RBC adenosine triphosphate concentration and percent hemolysis before and after the storage period. In vivo viability of stored cells was determined using a biotin-streptavidin-phycoerythrin labeling technique and flow cytometry. Blood filtered within 30 minutes of collection versus blood filtered after cooling had mean reductions in leukocyte numbers of 88.90 and 99.99%, respectively. The mean ATP and hemoglobin concentrations from the in vitro analysis were comparable to those obtained in previously for canine RBC adequately stored for 35 days. The mean in vivo 24-hour survival of the stored RBC was 84.7%. The leukoreduction filter used did not adversely affect in vitro or in vivo viability of canine RBCs. The filter effectively removed leukocytes from blood, with maximal efficiency of filtration achieved with use of cooled blood.

Effects of four additive solutions on canine leukoreduced red cell concentrate quality during storage

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Leukoreduction (LR) has become another important technique to improve blood quality and to avoid adverse effects, such as inflammation, febrile and allergic responses, infectious diseases, and alloimmunization reactions in the recipient. [17][18][19][20][21] The storage lesion of canine stored blood units is similar to that seen in human blood products. 11 RBCrelated ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and glucose concentrations decrease over time, while lactic and pyruvic acids accumulate, and pH decreases.…”

“…[22][23][24] Studies on biochemical variables in stored LR pRBC are incomplete in the veterinary literature, with only changes in ATP concentrations previously documented. 17 A significant reduction in markers of inflammation has also been noted in healthy dogs receiving autologous leukoreduced blood. 19 In Brazil, SAGM is the AS that is commercially available, and its effects on canine RBC concentrates, also called packed RBC (pRBC), have not been previously reported.…”

“…The pre-and postfiltration weights were converted to milliliters by dividing the gram weight by 1.06. 17 A second aliquot of the LR whole blood was taken using aseptic technique via sample tubing attached to the bag for postfiltration WBC, platelet count, and PCV determination.…”

Detection ofLeishmania infantumby real‐time PCR in a canine blood bank

“…Several reports from human medicine show the importance of evaluating Leishmania infection in blood donors in an endemic area; 76 of 565 blood donors were seropositive for Leishmania infantum (Le Fichoux and others 1999), and DNA of the parasite was also encountered in a high number of asymptomatic subjects (Riera and others 2004). Appropriate infectious disease screening is complicated because of variations in incidence of different diseases, existence of chronic carrier states, difficulty in screening test selection and testing costs (Brownlee andothers 2000, Reine 2004). Veterinary guidelines for blood transfusion suggest the importance of including other techniques as screening tests apart from serum antibody tests.…”

In a canine pneumonia model of exchange transfusion, altering the age but not the volume of older red blood cells markedly alters outcome

“…The canine model is particularly useful since veterinary blood bank practices are similar to clinical practices, are US government regulated, and permit RBC storage for up to 42 days. 32,33 In previous studies, commercially available canine universal donor RBCs at the end of the storage period were associated with in vitro and in vivo hemolysis, resulting in increased release of cell-free hemoglobin (CFH), transferrin-bound iron (TBI), and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). 9,30,31 During experimental Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia causing septic shock, massive exchange transfusion with 42-dayold stored RBCs profoundly increased lung injury and mortality in comparison to 7-day-old stored RBCs.…”