Use of a Social and Character Development Program to Prevent Substance Use, Violent Behaviors, and Sexual Activity Among Elementary-School Students in Hawaii

Beets, Michael W.; Flay, Brian R.; Vuchinich, Samuel; Snyder, Frank; Acock, Alan C.; Li, Kin-Kit; Burns, Kate; Washburn, Isaac J.; Durlak, Joseph A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.142919

Cited by 189 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, most youth development programs in the U.S. are not evaluated (e.g., see Roth, Brooks-Gunn, Murray, & Foster, 1998). However, the evaluation data pertinent to the Positive Action program, such as that provided by Beets et al (2009), indicates that students who participated in the program were less likely to engage in substance use, violence, and sexual activity than students who did not participate in the intervention, based on student self-report and teachers' reports. This evaluation, however, has limitations in terms of sample; it includes only young adolescents (fifth grade students) in a specific geographical and cultural setting (Hawaii).…”

Section: Pyd As Instances Of Youth Programs' and Organizations' Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Youth Development: Processes, Programs, and Problematics

Lerner

Lewin‐Bizan

et al. 2011

JYD

242

278

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Using the tripartite conception of positive youth development (PYD) suggested by Hamilton (1999) -as a developmental process, a philosophy or approach to youth programming, and as instances of youth programs and organizations focused on fostering the healthy or positive development of youth -we review different theoretical models of the developmental process involved in PYD. In addition, we review the ideas for and the features of youth development programs aimed at promoting PYD. We discuss the need for research interrelating different, theoretically-predicated measures of PYD and, as well, the importance of clear links between models of the PYD developmental process and of the youth development programs seeking to enhance PYD among diverse youth. We discuss several conceptual and practical problematics that must be addressed in order to integrate the three facets of PYD scholarship.

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Section: Pyd As Instances Of Youth Programs' and Organizations' Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Youth Development: Processes, Programs, and Problematics

Lerner

Lewin‐Bizan

et al. 2011

JYD

242

278

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“…There is evidence that the Positive Action program reduces violent behavior, substance use, bullying, suspensions and absenteeism; increases math and reading standardized test scores; and positively impacts student-reported positive affect, life satisfaction, depression, and disaffection with learning, as well as teacher-rated academic ability, motivation, and school-level absenteeism Beets et al, 2009;Flay and Allred, 2003;Lewis et al, 2013;Li et al, 2011;Snyder et al, 2010). The likelihood that the Positive Action program will yield benefits greater than the costs is 87 percent, with the annual estimated per participant cost of $444 (in 2016 dollars) (Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2017e).…”

Section: Academic and Social Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Research and Philanthropy to Reduce Crime and Violence in the Mississippi Delta

Saunders¹,

Barnes-Proby²,

Peterson³

2018

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2457Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.iii PrefaceIn fall 2017, the Walton Family Foundation requested that the RAND Corporation perform research to help the foundation's understanding of how to use philanthropy to positively impact public safety in Phillips County, Arkansas and Coahoma County, Mississippi. Specifically, foundation members were interested in (1) the current state of criminal activity and public safety, as well as the experiences and priorities of the community residents; (2) the institutional challenges and unmet needs of the local criminal justice systems agencies; (3) the variability of crime across the counties; (4) which best practices and approaches could help improve safety in the counties; and (5) research-based recommendations for how the Walton Family Foundation could improve public safety. We developed a project to address these questions and conducted research and analysis between fall 2017 and spring 2018. This research report describes both the methods and findings of the research to help the Walton Family Foundation develop its public safety funding strategy for these counties.The research reported here was conducted through the RAND Justice Policy Program, which spans both criminal and civil justice systems issues with such topics as public safety, effective policing, police-community relations, drug policy and enforcement, corrections policy, use of technology in law enforcement, tort reform, catastrophe and mass-injury compensation, court resourcing, and insurance regulation. Program research is supported by government agencies, foundations, and the private sector.RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment (JIE) conducts research and analysis in civil and criminal justice, infrastructure development and financing, environmental policy, transportation planning and technology, immigration and border protection, public and occupa...

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“…147,148) Home visitation programs such as Nurse-Family Partnership (http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/) and Early Head Start (https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/ehsnrc/ about-ehs#about) target vulnerable families and provide services such as family support through in-house visitation, health services to pregnant women, and early childhood and parent education. Home visitation programs have been shown in the US to prevent child maltreatment.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, while strong evidence of effectiveness has been demonstrated for the Triple P Program [142][143][144][145][146] the Positive Action Program; 147,148) and the NurseFamily Partnership Programs, 150) there is a need for more evidence concerning the effectiveness of social support and the media format programs for reducing child maltreatment. Also, in many evaluation studies, risk factors for child abuse (e.g., changes in parents' attitudes towards discipline) are used to evaluate effectiveness rather than the direct measure of reports of child abuse.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities

Franchek-Roa

Tiwari

Lewis‐O’Connor

et al. 2017

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other adversities has been shown to have adverse effects on health and well-being not only in childhood but also throughout the lifespan. This paper focuses on the prevalence of childhood adversities including exposure to IPV. The intersection of adverse childhood experiences and IPV victimization/perpetration in adulthood is also explored. The neurobiology of trauma is discussed and by understanding the impact of trauma on health, it is hoped that enhancement of resilience is possible. Based on the identification of protective factors at the individual, familial, and community level, examples of interventions that encourage safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between parents and children are described.Key Words: Childhood; Adversities; Intimate partner violence; Intersection; Trauma; Health; Resilience. lifespan. An important finding of the ACE study and subsequent studies 7,[12][13][14][15] is that children who have been exposed to one trauma are more likely to be exposed to multiple traumas and this phenomenon has been termed polyvictimization. 16) Polyvictimization is important to consider because poly-victims often have worse health and symptomatology than victims exposed to only one form of trauma. 17) Other researchers have conceptualized this exposure as cumulative trauma pointing out that not only is there trauma from exposure to violence throughout childhood and adolescence but especially for those in marginalized racial/ethnic, religious, and gender identity/sexual preference groups where there is also exposure to structural racism, micro-aggressions and historical trauma. 18) The more cumulative trauma, the more profound the effects on health. Table 1 shows the prevalence of ACEs and Table 2 shows the ACE score in selected studies from the US and from countries around the world. 7,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Although the studies had some differences in methodologies and ACE questions, there are some notable comparisons. The highest incidences of ACEs are found in the following countries: Sri Lankan men 28) had the highest incidences of childhood physical abuse (59.3%), childhood sexual abuse (27.2%), childhood physical neglect (37.9%); nearly tied with Albania 25) for witnessing domestic violence against the female caregiver (30% Albania, 29.3% Sri Lanka men); and had the highest prevalence of an ACE score of >4 ACEs (31.4%). The Philippines had the highest incidence of a caregiver abusing substances (drug abuse 7.5%; alcohol abuse 36.2%). 26) The US had the highest incidence of children exposed to caregivers with mental illness (19.4%). 7,19,20) Latvia (42.3%) 22) and Brazil (42%) 24) had the highest incidence of children exposed to parental separation. These comparisons illustrate the common theme of the ubiquity of trauma exposure for children worldwide.The ACE study and a plethora of subsequent studies, both in the US and worldwide, have linked adversity in childhood to organic diseases later in life. When c...

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Use of a Social and Character Development Program to Prevent Substance Use, Violent Behaviors, and Sexual Activity Among Elementary-School Students in Hawaii

Cited by 189 publications

References 37 publications

Positive Youth Development: Processes, Programs, and Problematics

Positive Youth Development: Processes, Programs, and Problematics

Leveraging Research and Philanthropy to Reduce Crime and Violence in the Mississippi Delta

Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities

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