Use of a soda flux in the production of glassware

Min'ko, N. I.; Onishchuk, V. I.; Luchina, L. A.; Lapina, L. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00676566

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…They include clarifiers, glass melting accelerators, dyes, and oxidizing and reducing agents [6,27,32]. Glass-melt clarifiers and their optimum concentrations [33] are reported in Table 5.…”

Section: Calculated Activation Energy Of Corrosion For Different Glasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soda melt -the product of combustion of caprolactam production waste -was interesting. Its chemical composition (mass content, %) is: 95.0 -98.0 Na 2 CO 3 , 0.6 -0.7 Na 2 SO 4 , 0.5 -0.8 NaOH, traces of NaCl, Cr 2 O 3 , CoO [33,34]. Use of soda melt instead of bottle glass standard soda in two glass works without preliminary studies led to premature shut-down of the glass-melting furnaces for maintenance due to erosion of the refractories up to breakthrough of the glass melt.…”

Section: Effect Of the Glass Composition On Corrosion Of Zirconium-comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On this basis, soda melt in the corresponding ratio with standard soda (40 : 60) was introduced under our surveillance in an industrial plant and had a significant economic effect [33,34].…”

Section: Effect Of the Glass Composition On Corrosion Of Zirconium-comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the glass composition on corrosion of zirconium-containing refractories in a glass-melting furnace (a review)

Min'ko

Nartsev

2007

Glass Ceram

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Different chemical compositions of glasses and the individual characteristics of their reaction with zirconium-containing refractories are examined. When such refractories are used for lining glass-melting furnaces, it is necessary to consider the chemical compositions of the glass which will be melted in these furnaces.The following factors that act simultaneously and together affect corrosion of refractories, including zirconiumcontaining refractories, in the glass-melting furnace: quality of the refractory (chemical and mineral compositions, structure, properties); design of the glass-melting furnace; characteristics of the heat insulation; output of the furnace; arrangement of the refractories in the furnace; type and distribution of fuel over the volume of the furnace;temperature-time conditions of melting; intensity of exchange of the glass melt in the furnace (dependence on outputs, convective flows, presence of supplementary electric heating, bubbling, etc.); stability of manufacturing process; redox conditions of melting; type of raw materials and impurities in them; redox potential (ORP) of raw materials; characteristics of new types of raw material; batch composition and ORP; batch : cullet ratio concentration and type of auxiliary raw materials; volatility of the components of the glass; chemical composition, acid-base character, and ORP of the glass.All of these factors are examined to some degree in [1 -10].The chemical composition, acid-basic character, and ORP of the glass are especially important in corrosion of refractories, including zirconium-containing refractories.We do not claim completeness in discussing the problem here due to the large number of studies in this area and the ambiguity of interpreting the results, but we believe it useful to direct the attention of process engineers in the refractories field and glass process engineers to the complexity of this problem, which is a function of the quality of the refractories, the variety of the glass compositions, their tendency to constantly vary, including the initial raw materials.If we consider the glass compositions, there is almost no element in the periodic table which has not been "dropped in" the composition of glass. Rare-earth, heavy elements, halogens, and even gaseous components (N, H, S, F, and others) incorporated in the structure of the glass can be found in glass compositions. For this reason, the variety of glass compositions is much larger than the assortment of refractory materials suitable for quality glass melting, although most industrial glass production is for sheet glass and bottle glass (OST 21-51-82) which have similar chemical compositions (Table 1).Zirconium refractories belong to the acid class, since SiO 2 and ZrO 2 have acid properties, while Al 2 O 3 has amphoteric properties. For this reason, the zirconium refractory is most stable in alkali-free and low-alkali glasses, i.e.,

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Section: Calculated Activation Energy Of Corrosion For Different Glasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of the Glass Composition On Corrosion Of Zirconium-comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the glass composition on corrosion of zirconium-containing refractories in a glass-melting furnace (a review)

Min'ko

Nartsev

2007

Glass Ceram

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“…The sintering glass-ceramics, a new type material for architectural decoration, become more and more favorable to the glass researchers [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Its basic glass components belong to CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Evolutionary Process of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass and Glass-Ceramic

Ping

Cheng

2010

AMR

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Sintering glass-ceramics, a new type material for architectural decoration, belong to CaO-Al2O3-SiO2system (CAS) without nucleation agent. Combined by Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), phase evolutionary process of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2system glass and glass-ceramic was investigated. According the relation between heat treatment schedule and microstructure, the glass system has a very wide temperature range of crystallization. The crystalline phase is β-CaSiO3(β-wollastonite) and there is no other crystalline phases precipitated in these glass-ceramics. The influences of various heat treatment systems on the structure and properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated simultaneously. The optimal heat treatment schedule, microstructure and bending strength of the CAS glass ceramic were gained.

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Alkaline Concentrate for Glassmaking

Min'ko

Lavrov

2015

Glass Ceram

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Use of a soda flux in the production of glassware

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of the glass composition on corrosion of zirconium-containing refractories in a glass-melting furnace (a review)

Effect of the glass composition on corrosion of zirconium-containing refractories in a glass-melting furnace (a review)

Phase Evolutionary Process of CaO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> System Glass and Glass-Ceramic

Alkaline Concentrate for Glassmaking

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