Use of a stand-alone pressure plate for the objective evaluation of forelimb symmetry in sound ponies at walk and trot

Oosterlinck, Maarten; Pille, Frederik; Back, Willem; Dewulf, Jeroen; Gasthuys, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.12.012

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The vertical force curves at walk and trot, obtained with both measuring systems, showed a similar pattern as reported earlier by Oosterlinck et al (2009). Nevertheless, in the present study the actual PVF recorded with the PP showed a lower maximal value and was recorded somewhat later in the stance phase compared to the FP measurement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, the combination of a built-in and fixed FP and PP is really only feasibly in an institute or laboratory and is not practical use in a cost-efficient, mobile clinical environment. Solitary PPs, operational without concurrent FP calibration, have been applied in horses (Rogers and Back, 2007;Oosterlinck et al, 2009) and humans (Thijs et al, 2007). However, before kinetic data obtained with a standalone PP can be used clinically, validation of the system for precision (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high level of precision of gait kinetics and loading symmetry ratios has been demonstrated in ponies using a stand-alone PP (Oosterlinck et al, 2009). Studies specifically dealing with the accuracy of a pressure measuring system compared to a FP have been undertaken in humans (Chesnin et al, 2000) and dogs (Besançon et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of pressure plate and force plate gait kinetics in sound Warmbloods at walk and trot

Oosterlinck

Pille

Huppes

et al. 2010

The Veterinary Journal

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a b s t r a c tModern pressure plates (PP) could be an alternative to traditional force plates (FP) for quantitative equine gait analysis, thereby providing the clinician with objective data on the horse's gait while unravelling the loading of different regions of the hoof during the stance phase. The aim of this study was to determine whether a stand-alone PP allows reliable measurement of gait kinetics, compared to simultaneously recorded FP variables. Six sound Warmblood horses were walked and trotted over a combined PP and FP system for collection of a set of five valid kinetic measurements for each forelimb. A measurement was considered valid if the horse was moving in a straight line at a constant pace while gait velocity was within a preset range and the hoof fully contacted the plate surface.Significant differences between FP and PP data were seen for peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), time at which the PVF occurs (tPVF) and forelimb symmetry ratios (SymPVF and SymVI) (P < 0.05), but not for stance phase duration (ST). Nevertheless, mean agreement indices (AIs) of ST, tPVF and SymP-VF and SymVI were excellent (P0.92), whereas AIs of PVF and VI were moderate (P0.70). The excellent agreement between PP and FP symmetry ratios confirms that observed differences between PP and FP in symmetry ratios are small (2-7%), especially when compared to the expected decrease in symmetry associated with mild lameness (>20%). The results indicate that a stand-alone pressure plate can be used to measure absolute (ST) and relative (tPVF) temporal variables and loading symmetry ratios and offers equine veterinarians a mobile, cost-efficient and quick gait evaluation method for routine clinical use. However, the system cannot be used interchangeably with a force plate to measure absolute values of limb loading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of pressure plate and force plate gait kinetics in sound Warmbloods at walk and trot

Oosterlinck

Pille

Huppes

et al. 2010

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Studies using the same pressure plate system simultaneously with a force plate reported that the maximal vertical forces recorded by the pressure plate are lower 17. Nonetheless, the accuracy of the system has proven to be acceptable 18, making it possible to use a pressure plate system to detect trends in gait kinetics over time. Furthermore, the measuring frequency (126 Hz) and with that temporal resolution of the pressure plate system used here is relatively low, especially compared to a force plate system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of locomotor kinetics in the foal and the effect of osteochondrosis

Gorissen

Wolschrijn

Bragança

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReason for performing studyFoals stand and walk immediately after birth, but insight into the subsequent longitudinal development of their gait kinetics in the early juvenile phase and the possible influence of osteochondrosis thereon is lacking.ObjectivesTo quantify gait kinetics in foals during the first half year of life, taking into account their osteochondrosis status.Study designProspective, cohort study performed at a single stud farm.MethodsPressure plate measurements at walk and trot from 11 Dutch Warmblood foals during the first 24 weeks of life were used to determine body mass normalised peak vertical force, normalised vertical impulse and stance duration. Coefficients of variation of peak vertical force and stance duration were used as measures for gait maturity. Radiographs of tarsocrural and femoropatellar joints were taken at age 4–6 weeks and after 6 months to check for osteochondrosis. A linear mixed model was used to determine the effects of age, limb, presence of osteochondrosis and speed on gait parameters.ResultsMean walking and trotting velocity increased over time as did stance duration and normalised vertical impulse, normalised peak vertical force values however remained relatively constant. During the first weeks of their life only the coefficient of variation of stance duration decreased significantly, while the coefficient of variation of peak vertical force did not. None of the foals was visibly lame, but the presence of osteochondrosis resulted in a temporarily but significantly reduced normalised peak vertical force.Main limitationsThis study is a relatively small sample size of one breed from a single stud farm. A stand‐alone pressure plate was used and body mass was estimated rather than measured.ConclusionsDespite being precocious, foals need time to mature their gait. During growth, velocity at walk and trot increases, but normalised peak vertical force remains relatively constant. Although not visibly lame, a temporary reduction in normalised peak vertical force was detected in osteochondrosis positive foals using a pressure plate.

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“…32. The following kinetic variables were calculated at walk and trot: 1) peak vertical force (PVF), in N/kg; 2) vertical impulse (VI), in Ns/kg; and 3) stance time (ST) in ms. For each set of five trials, all left forelimb (LF) and right forelimb (RF) measurements were averaged and subsequently PVF, VI and ST ratios between both forelimbs were calculated as: %RF = RF/(LF + RF) × 100%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis

Water

Oosterlinck

Dumoulin

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryBackgroundNutraceuticals are often used in the management of equine osteoarthritis, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking.ObjectivesTo study the preventive effects of two new nutraceuticals after the experimental induction of synovitis in comparison with positive and negative control treatments.Study designBlinded, controlled, randomised experiment.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy Standardbred horses were randomly allocated to supplement AT (multi‐ingredient, 28 days), supplement HP (collagen hydrolysate, 60 days), meloxicam (4 days) or placebo (60 days). Synovitis was induced in the right intercarpal joint by intra‐articular injection of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli while treatments were continued. Blood and synovial fluid were sampled before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post‐injection. Synovial fluid samples were analysed for total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP) and selected biomarkers (prostaglandin E2 [PGE 2], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], glycosaminoglycans [GAGs], type II collagen synthesis [CPII], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]). Lameness was scored by visual examination and pressure plate analysis immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post‐injection. Clinical examinations were performed before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, at 2, 4 and 6 h post‐injection, and then twice per day during the test period.ResultsBefore treatment and intra‐articular challenge, there were no statistically significant differences among the treatment groups for any of the parameters. After intra‐articular challenge, the placebo group showed significantly higher synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE 2 compared with the meloxicam group, although the model did not induce a relevant amount of lameness. Both nutraceuticals resulted in significantly lower synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE 2 compared with placebo. No statistical differences in IL‐6, GAGs, CPII or MMPs were observed among treatment groups. No adverse effects were observed.Main limitationsDespite evidence of synovitis, lameness was too mild to detect.ConclusionsThe preventive administration of these nutraceuticals showed anti‐inflammatory effects in this validated synovitis model. Therefore, further studies of their clinical applicability are warranted.

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Use of a stand-alone pressure plate for the objective evaluation of forelimb symmetry in sound ponies at walk and trot

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of pressure plate and force plate gait kinetics in sound Warmbloods at walk and trot

Comparison of pressure plate and force plate gait kinetics in sound Warmbloods at walk and trot

The development of locomotor kinetics in the foal and the effect of osteochondrosis

The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis

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