Use of a systematic review to assist the development of Campylobacter control strategies in broilers

Adkin, Amie; Hartnett, Emma; Jordan, Liane E.; Newell, Diane G.; Davison, H. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02781.x

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Many risk factors for broiler colonisation with Campylobacter and the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter have been identified in the literature: environment, livestock, pests, wildlife, equipment and farm workers, catching crews, antimicrobial use (AMU) and to a lesser extent vertical/pseudovertical transfer [12]–[15]. There has been an increasing amount of research done on Campylobacter in broilers and much advancement in the microbiological and molecular methods for identification and quantification of Campylobacter in a variety of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

et al. 2014

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Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

et al. 2014

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“…with human infections and several epidemiological studies showed that food, particularly contaminated poultry meat and chicken meat food products, are mainly connected with a risk of human campylobacteriosis (Adkin et al 2006, Nauta et al 2007, Riddle et al 2012. Poultry are asymptomatic carriers of Campylobacter and the infected flocks cannot be identified by clinical symptoms in birds (Berry et al 1988, Newell et al 2001, Newell and Fearnley 2003, Wieczorek and Osek 2005, Adkin et al 2006, Bull et al 2006, Allen et al 2007, Wirz et al 2010, Hue et al 2011, Ridley et al 2011, Habib et al 2012.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poultry are asymptomatic carriers of Campylobacter and the infected flocks cannot be identified by clinical symptoms in birds (Berry et al 1988, Newell et al 2001, Newell and Fearnley 2003, Wieczorek and Osek 2005, Adkin et al 2006, Bull et al 2006, Allen et al 2007, Wirz et al 2010, Hue et al 2011, Ridley et al 2011, Habib et al 2012. The contamination of broiler meat with C. jejuni or C. coli from the chicken intestine may occur during slaughter processing through several routes, such as the air, water, previously slaughtered Campylobacter-positive flocks, equipment used in abattoirs, insects or slaughterhouse personnel (Rivoal et al 1999, Newell et al 2001, Nauta et al 2007, Normand et al 2008, Reich et al 2008, Wirz et al 2010, Hue et al 2011, Habib et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Poultry flocks as a source of Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses

Wieczorek¹,

Osek²

2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Campylobacter infection is the leading foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the bacteria are frequently isolated from the intestines of chickens. The broiler meat contamination with C. jejuni or C. coli may occur during slaughter processing. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry flocks and the corresponding broiler carcasses in 15 districts (voivodeships) all over Poland. A total of 128 samples from broiler flocks and the corresponding carcasses were collected between February 2011 and April 2013. The Campylobacter isolation and species identification were performed according to ISO 10272-1 standard and with PCR. It was found that 112 flock (96.5%) were contaminated with campylobacters, either C. jejuni (77 samples; 68.7%) or C. coli (35 flocks; 31.3%). Analysis of the corresponding chicken carcasses tested after chilling revealed that 77 out of 128 (60.2%) samples were positive for Campylobacter, either C. jejuni (58; 75.3%) or C. coli (19; 24.7%). Most of the carcasses were contaminated with the same Campylobacter species as identified in the corresponding flock before slaughter. As tested by PCR, out of the 77 crops with C. jejuni 58 were positive for the same bacterial species. On the other hand, out of the remaining 35 flocks infected with C. coli, only 19 corresponding carcass samples were contaminated with C. coli. In three cases in the slaughtered flocks C. jejuni was identified but in the same carcasses C. coli was found. The opposite findings (flock positive for C. coli but the corresponding carcasses contaminated with C. jejuni) were seen in six voivodeships. It was also observed that several carcass samples were negative for C. jejuni and C. coli although the original flocks were Campylobacter-positive before slaughter (total 36 of the 77 samples; 46.7%). On the other hand, some carcasses were contaminated with Campylobacter although the flocks were negative for these bacteria (9 samples; 11.7%) which may also be due to internal contamination during slaughter of broilers.

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“…Campylobacter is a commensal organism in avian species, with the highest levels of colonization found in the ceca of infected birds (2). Contamination of poultry flocks can occur from multiple sources (1,14), the relative significance of which is still unclear; however, the population dynamics of Campylobacter within and between hosts are still poorly understood (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Competing Isogenic Campylobacter Strains Exhibit Variable Population Structures In Vivo

Coward

Diemen²,

Conlan

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Consumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is a risk factor for human gastrointestinal disease. The rational development of control strategies for Campylobacter within chickens requires an understanding of the colonization process at the molecular and population levels, both within and between hosts. Experiments employing competing strains of Campylobacter have been used to investigate colonization. Implicit in these studies is the assumption that the behavior of competing strains is reproducible between experiments. Variability in the recovery of mutants from the chicken gastrointestinal tract during signature-tagged mutagenesis studies demonstrated that this is not always the case. To further investigate this phenomenon in the absence of confounding factors due to phenotypic differences between mutants, we constructed individually identifiable wild-type isogenic tagged strains (WITS) that have indistinguishable phenotypes in pure culture. By using mixtures of WITS, it is possible to monitor the relative amounts of subpopulations of essentially wild-type bacteria. Using a 2-week-old chicken model of colonization, we observed unpredictable variations in population structure both within and between experiments, even in the simplest case of two competing strains. This variation occurred both when birds were simultaneously infected with two WITS and when birds inoculated with different WITS were cohoused. We present evidence for founder effects during initial colonization with subsequent bird-to-bird transmission. We suggest that these and phenotypic variation contribute to the observed variability. These factors render simple models of colonization which do not take them into account inappropriate for Campylobacter and impact the planning and interpretation of competition experiments using this organism.

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Use of a systematic review to assist the development of Campylobacter control strategies in broilers

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

Poultry flocks as a source of Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses

Competing Isogenic Campylobacter Strains Exhibit Variable Population Structures In Vivo

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