Use of a Terrestrial LIDAR Sensor for Drift Detection in Vineyard Spraying

Gil, Emilio; Llorens, Jordi; Casamada, Jordi Llop; Fàbregas, Xavier; Gallart, Montserrat

doi:10.3390/s130100516

Cited by 62 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…), important variations during the crop season with large modifications in the canopy size and density, wide options of plantation layout and relative training system, great variability in terms of spray technology, and influence of selected operational parameters during the application process (nozzle type, working pressure, forward speed, air assistance, etc.) make it much more difficult to establish an objective and widely applicable method for spray drift measurement in these situations (García-Ramos et al, 2009;Cunha et al, 2012;Gil et al, 2013;Salyani et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes and tests an alternative methodology for quantifying the drift potential (DP) of air blast sprayers, trying to avoid the difficulties faced in conducting field trials according to the standard protocol (ISO 22866:2005). For this purpose, an ad hoc test bench designed for DP comparative measurements was used. The proposed methodology was evaluated in terms of robustness, repetitiveness and coherence by arranging a series of trials at two laboratories. Representative orchard and vineyard air blast sprayers in eight configurations (combination of two forward speeds, two air fan flow rates, and two nozzle types) were tested. The test bench was placed perpendicular to the spray track to collect the fraction of spray liquid remaining in the air after the spray process and potentially susceptible to drift out of the treated area. Downwind spray deposition curves were obtained and a new approach was proposed to calculate an index value of the DP estimation that could allow the differences among the tested configurations to be described. Results indicated that forward speed of 1.67 m/s allows better discrimination among configurations tested. Highest DP reduction, over 87.5%, was achieved using the TVI nozzles in combination with low air fan flow rate in both laboratories; conversely, the highest DP value was obtained with the ATR nozzles in combination with high air fan flow rate. Although the proposed method shows a promising potential to evaluate drift potential of different sprayer types and nozzles types used for bush and tree crops further research and tests are necessary to improve and validate this method.Additional key words: spray drift test bench; sprayer settings; nozzles; fan air flow rate; vineyard and orchard sprayers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

Self Cite

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“…Thus, these results encourage the possibility to use this sensor for poplar management, starting at the crop establishment. In addition, use of a LiDAR sensor for on-the-go operations could help to determine drift due to wind speed and direction measuring the concentration of small droplets in the air (Gil et al, 2013), adapting the spraying technology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A LiDAR-Based System to Assess Poplar Biomass

et al. 2016

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This study evaluated the capabilities of a LiDAR-based system to characterize poplar trees for biomass production. The precision of the system was assessed by analyzing the relationship between the distance records and biophysical parameters. The terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) system consisted of a 2D time-of-flight LiDAR sensor, a gimbal to dynamically stabilize the sensor and a RTK-GPS to georeference its location and, subsequently, the sensor data. The sensor and its stabilizer were fixed facing downwards, on a metal frame designed for this purpose. Then, it was mounted on an all-terrain vehicle to perform 2D scans in planes perpendicular to the travel direction. Distances between the sensor and the surrounding objects had a high spatial resolution, providing high density 3D point clouds. Results on the reliability of the LiDAR system to estimate plant height showed a significant relationship between the sensor readings and actual poplar height and biomass data. In addition, tree biomass and tree volume were properly estimated in the point cloud. Regression analysis showed significant estimates of 0.79 and 0.89 for biomass and volume, respectively. These results reveal the potential of the LiDAR sensor to estimate both, plant height and plant biomass. This sensor's capability, added to its relative low cost, fast reaction, and the high number of readings per second consolidate the ideal system for estimating the productivity of biomass in energy crops.

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“…Currently, pesticides are widely used in fruit production in orchards and vineyards. The extensive use of pesticide and off-target spray (drift) may lead to public health and environmental problems (Gil et al 2013;Jeon and Zhu 2012;Li et al 2012;Poulsen et al 2012). Pesticide application monitoring and the long-term documentation of its use in fields should be the first essential step in pursuing whole-chain traceability in the fruit industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An RFID-based solution for monitoring sprayer movement in an orchard/vineyard

2017

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Pesticide application monitoring and long-term data recording in the field is typically the first step in fruit traceability. In a spray monitoring and guiding system, identification of the sprayer movement is a key part of technology. Although Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a widely used system to obtain location information, in an orchard/vineyard, especially one in which the trees/plants have tall and large canopies, the continuity and stability of the GNSS signal may decrease dramatically and lead to failure of guidance. A Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) solution for identifying sprayer travel was proposed, and a spray monitoring and guiding system was designed based on this solution. In-lab system simulation test and field test results showed that the system could distinguish the travel direction of the sprayer, identify its location in the field, record flow rate information, calculate sprayed volume, and show all the above information on a computer screen in real-time when the RFID reader had successfully registered each RFID card. For the monitoring and guiding system with one antenna on each side, which required the cards and the antennas to be at the same height, the best relative position was found by placing the card parallel to the antenna. The results of tests in the field showed that an improved system with two antennas on each side, which only required the cards to be put in the band with a width of 0.26 m between the centers of the two antennas, worked better with the best antenna angle of 125°when the speed of the sprayer was less than 1.8 m/s.

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Use of a Terrestrial LIDAR Sensor for Drift Detection in Vineyard Spraying

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

A LiDAR-Based System to Assess Poplar Biomass

An RFID-based solution for monitoring sprayer movement in an orchard/vineyard

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