Use of a Titanium Nitride for Electrochemical Inactivation of Marine Bacteria

Nakayama, Tsuruo; Wake, Hitoshi; Ozawa, Ken'ichi; Kodama, Hiroki; Nakamura, Noriyuki; Matsunaga, Tadashi

doi:10.1021/es970578h

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Titanium nitride has been used as the sensitive material in all solid-state potentiometric pH electrode [23]. The electrochemical inactivation of adherently growing bacteria on TiN electrodes in seawater was demonstrated using a potentiostatic treatment that takes advantage of inertness of TiN [24]. On the other hand TiN is considered as a biocompatible material [2,25] and has been used for electrically contacting adherent cells and tissue [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thin Film Titanium Nitride Electrodes for Electroanalytical Applications

Kirchner¹,

Hallmeier²,

Szargan³

et al. 2007

Electroanalysis

125

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Titanium nitride is a hard and inert conducting material that has yet not been widely used as electrode material for electroanalytical applications although there are highly developed protocols available to produce well adherent micro and nanostructured electrodes. In this paper the possibilities of using titanium nitride thin films for electroanalytical applications is investigated. Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) was used for analysis of the redox kinetics of a selected fast redox couple at thin films of titanium nitride (TiN) in different thicknesses. The investigation was carried out by approaching an amperometric ultramicroelectrode (UME) to the TiN film while the soluble redox couple (ferrocenemethanol/ferrociniummethanol) served as mediator in a SECM configuration. The substrate was biased at a potential so that it rereduces the species being produced at the UME, thus controlling the feedback effect. Normalized current -distance curves were fitted to the theoretical model in order to find the apparent heterogeneous standard rate constant (k8) at the sample. The data are further supported by structural investigation of the TiN films using scanning force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the kinetics are little influenced by prolonged storage in air. The heterogeneous standard rate constants in 2 mM ferrocenemethanol were (0.73 AE 0.05) Â 10 À3 cm s À1 for 20 nm TiN thin layer, (1.5 AE 0.2) Â 10 À3 cm s À1 for 100 nm TiN thin layer and (1.3 AE 0.2) Â 10 À3 cm s À1 for 300 nm TiN thin layer after prolonged storage in air. Oxidative surface treatment (in order to remove organic adsorbates) decreased the kinetics in agreement with a thicker oxide layer on the material. The results suggest that their direct use for amperometric detection of reversible redox systems in particular at miniaturized configurations may be advantageous.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thin Film Titanium Nitride Electrodes for Electroanalytical Applications

Kirchner¹,

Hallmeier²,

Szargan³

et al. 2007

Electroanalysis

125

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“…electrodes (Nakayama et al, 1998) or graphite-silicones electrodes (Nakasono et al, 1993) have been tested. As well, brief electrical pulses have been studied by Abou-Ghazala and Schoenbach (2000) as a means to prevent biofouling in cooling water systems.…”

Section: Techniques Under Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofouling protection for marine environmental sensors

2010

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Abstract. These days, many marine autonomous environment monitoring networks are set up in the world. These systems take advantage of existing superstructures such as offshore platforms, lightships, piers, breakwaters or are placed on specially designed buoys or underwater oceanographic structures. These systems commonly use various sensors to measure parameters such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, pH or fluorescence. Emphasis has to be put on the long term quality of measurements, yet sensors may face very short-term biofouling effects. Biofouling can disrupt the quality of the measurements, sometimes in less than a week.Many techniques to prevent biofouling on instrumentation are listed and studied by researchers and manufacturers. Very few of them are implemented on instruments and of those very few have been tested in situ on oceanographic sensors for deployment of at least one or two months. This paper presents a review of techniques used to protect against biofouling of in situ sensors and gives a short list and description of promising techniques.

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“…Other recent developments in non-toxic methods Some of the other non-toxic fouling control methods under study and investigation include electrochemical methods Nakayama et al, 1998) , production of material with antibacterial properties (Sreekumari et al, 2002 and2003), and laser irradiation (Nandakumar et al, 2002a(Nandakumar et al, , 2002b(Nandakumar et al, and 2002c. In the electrochemical methods, the surface to be protected is made to be an anode for the electrolysis of seawater.…”

Section: Antifouling Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofouling and Its Prevention: A Comprehensive Overview.

Nandakumar

Yano

2003

Biocontrol Sci.

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The process of the attachment and growth of organisms on artificial solid surfaces is called biofouling. Biofouling organisms commonly undergo successive changes before a stable community is established. Microfouling organisms composed of bacteria, microalgae, and protozoa together with their exudates constitute the biofilm. Microfouling leads to macrofouling, which is the growth of larger fouling organisms. This problem has been recognized from decades ago; however, a long lasting and environmentally friendly antifouling strategy still eludes us. Among the prevailing preventive strategies, antifouling coatings based on organometallic or inorganic toxic species are used to protect ships and offshore platforms, while components of cooling water systems are protected by injecting biocides into the water column. A comprehensive account of the evolution of the biofouling community, factors controlling its formation, expenses incurred, and common antifouling strategies followed with their merits and demerits are described in this review.

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Use of a Titanium Nitride for Electrochemical Inactivation of Marine Bacteria

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of Thin Film Titanium Nitride Electrodes for Electroanalytical Applications

Evaluation of Thin Film Titanium Nitride Electrodes for Electroanalytical Applications

Biofouling protection for marine environmental sensors

Biofouling and Its Prevention: A Comprehensive Overview.

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