Use of Adaptive Feedback in an App for English Language Spontaneous Speech

An Investigation Into Artificial Intelligence Speech Evaluation Programs With Automatic Feedback for Developing EFL Learners’ Speaking Skills

“…Thus, they were more willing to receive speaking feedback accordingly. However, it might be challenging for AI speech evaluation programs to provide detailed feedback such as speech content in spontaneous speaking tasks (Lehman et al, 2020). Therefore, it is indicated that AI speech evaluation programs could provide feedback on pronunciation and fluency in reading texts aloud tasks, and simultaneously give feedback for speech content in spontaneous speaking tasks.…”

“…Most of them checked the first page of feedback which was general and straightforward, and few checked detailed feedback on the following few pages. Likewise, Lehman et al (2020) further pointed out that it was difficult for spontaneous speaking tasks to provide detailed feedback to satisfy learners' needs. However, ELAi seemed to be the only AI speech evaluation program that was investigated, and more research is needed to confirm learners' behavior in checking textual feedback.…”

“…However, in previous research, EFL learners’ perceived preferences were inconsistent with their learning behavior. Lehman et al (2020) investigated learners’ behavior of checking textual feedback in ELAi . Most of them checked the first page of feedback which was general and straightforward, and few checked detailed feedback on the following few pages.…”

“…Moreover, using social media among learners for collaborative learning while practice on AI speech evaluation programs can enhance learners’ language learning (Zou et al, 2023) because language learners can help each other to reinforce learning outcomes with collaborations in online or mobile learning environments (Zou et al, 2016, 2018). Therefore, AI speech evaluation programs are increasingly popular (Lehman et al, 2020). Some AI speech evaluation programs can provide automatic feedback including scores and text-based feedback, such as Duolingo (Rachels & Rockinson-Szapkiw, 2018), Babbel (Loewen et al, 2020), Rosetta Stone (Nielson, 2011), Liulishuo (Chang et al, 2022), and so on.…”

“…Some research has examined the effectiveness of automatic feedback in AI speech evaluation programs. For example, Lehman et al (2020) conducted a study with 94 EFL learners who used ELAi , which offers adaptive and targeted feedback, including the general evaluation and detailed textual feedback on different pages for users when they finish spontaneous speaking tasks based on various prompts, for 1 month to test the effectiveness of its automatic feedback and explored how learners interacted with the feedback. The results revealed that users’ speaking skills improved after using this App.…”