Use of alternative plant growth regulators and carbon sources to manipulate Dianthus caryophyllus L. shoot induction in vitro

Effects of inorganic salts concentration and alternative plant growth regulators on the in vitro organogenesis of a new hybrid Cymbidium

“…Similarly, Epin-Extra ® had a positive effect on young maize plants affected by cold stress (3EC) and heat stress (43EC), and the most effective 24-EpiB concentrations maximizing thermal resistance of maize seedlings were 10 !9 and 10 !10 M for 3EC and 43EC, respectively (Lukatkin et al, 2013b). However, the optimum concentration of 24-EpiB in carnation micropropagation was 10 !3 % for shoot growth, shoot multiplication, and number of internodes per shoot (Lukatkin et al, 2017). Similar data were obtained when we used RE.…”

“…Previously, these natural PGRs were used only for seed treatment, spraying plants, or processing cuttings, and these treatments resulted in an enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses (Lukatkin and Pogodina, 2012;Lukatkin et al, 2013a;2013b;Bashmakov et al, 2016;Gruznova et al, 2018). We also showed that these PGRs may be used as alternative PGRs in the in vitro culture of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) (Lukatkin et al, 2017).…”

“…The best results were noted at a nano-concentration of RE (1 nl/l or 10 !7 %) (Lukatkin and Pogodina, 2012). The maximum positive effect of RE supplementation to basal media in clonally propagated in vitro carnation was obtained at 10 !5 %, which stimulated shoot growth, or 10 !6 %, which increased the number of internodes per shoot (Lukatkin et al, 2017).…”

“…This preparation stimulates the synthesis of phytohormones, growth processes, and can increase resistance to stressors such as an increased tolerance of maize plants to high (45EC) and low (3EC) temperature stress (Lukatkin and Pogodina, 2012) and of wheat plants to heavy metals (Gruznova et al, 2018). When used at 10 5 %, during the in vitro clonal propagation of carnation (Dianthus caryo-phyllus L.), RE significantly stimulated shoot growth and significantly increased the number of internodes/shoot at 10 6 % (Lukatkin et al, 2017). Epin-Extra ® ("NEST-M", Moscow, Russia) contains 50 μM of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EpiB) and is used in the field or under greenhouse conditions for seed conditioning, spraying plants, or processing cuttings.…”

“…In in vitro carnation, 24-EpiB in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) resulted in better shoot growth, shoot multiplication, and number of internodes/shoots of regenerated plants than obtained from untreated controls. Moreover, it was used to control hyperhydricity in in vitro carnation cultures (Lukatkin et al, 2017). 24-EpiB inhibited PLB formation in another hybrid Cymbidium cultivar (Teixeira da Silva, 2013b) but enhanced growth (improved rooting) in highbush blueberry (Kudryashova et al, 2012).…”