Use of AMMI and other stability statistics in the simultaneous selection of rice genotypes for yield and stability under direct-seeded conditions

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. India is one of the largest rice-producing countries. Although more than 900 rice varieties have been released in India, many of them are no longer cultivated within a few years of release due to inconsistent performance in diverse environments; only a few varieties with stable performance continue to be under cultivation after 15 to 20 yr of their release. Development and adaptability of rice cultivars in a wide range of target environments are the eventual goals of plant breeders. An attempt has been made to estimate the level of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) and eliminate as much as possible the unexplainable and extraneous variability contained in the data. Therefore, several statistical techniques have been used to describe GEI and measure genotype stability. Field experiments were conducted with 12 genotypes under direct-seeded conditions (irrigated and rainfed) for three consecutive years (2009 to 2012) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The GEI was analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Results of AMMI analysis indicated that the first three AMMI (AMMI1 to AMMI3) were highly significant (P < 0.05). The partitioning of TSS (total sum of squares) exhibited that the genotype effect was a predominant source of variation followed by GEI and environment, which suggests the possible existence of different environment groups. The AMMI stability value discriminated genotypes 11 and 12 as stable genotypes based on the yield stability index (YSI) and sustainability index (SI).

Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Phenotypic Stability Traits in Winter Wheat

“…The square root of the product of the ratio between the IPC1 and IPC2 sum of squares and IPC1 score and the IPC2 scores are considered in the calculation. The higher the absolute value for IPC score, the more specifically adapted a genotype is to specific environments, whereas lower values for ASV indicate a more stable genotype across environments [32].…”

“…where R ij is the rank of X ij in the j th environment, R i is the mean rank across environments for the genotype i, and l is the number of environments [32].…”

“…Yield stability index (YSI) was measured as YSI = RASV + RY, where RASV is the rank of AMMI stability value, and RY is the rank of the mean grain yield of genotypes across environments [32]. The relationships between trait values, breeding values (GEBV), and stability indices were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ), which is less sensitive to outliers compared with the Pearson correlation coefficient [5].…”

“…This includes the AMMI stability value (ASV) based from the AMMI interaction principal components IPC1 and IPC2 earlier proposed by Purchase et al [30], and the AMMI stability index (ASI) developed by Zhang et al [31], based on the distance of the IPC with its origin in space. Additional stability measures such as the rank sum (RS) and the yield stability index (YSI) derived from the ASV have also been previously evaluated [32]. Low values for both RS and YSI indicate genotypes with high mean yield and stability.…”

Evaluation of Extra-early Maturing Maize Genotypes for Grain Yield and Stability in the Groundnut Basin Agro-ecological Zone of Senegal

“…The AMMI model deals with the traditional analysis of variance for additive main effects in combination with principal component analysis [12]; [13]. This model was widely used in the identification of superior genotypes of barley [14] cassava [15] wheat [16] and rice [17]. The GGE biplot method proposed by Yan and Tinker [18] unravels both genotype and genotype by environment interactions based on Gabriel [19] biplot methodology.…”