Use of ancestry-informative markers as a scientific tool to combat the illegal traffic in human kidneys

Severini, Simona; Carnevali, E.; Margiotta, Gabriele; Garcia-González, M.A.; Carracedo, Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.120

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We are also of the opinion that, at the present time, forensic medicine may supply strong evidence and leads in regard to organ transplantation. Recent studies [64] demonstrated that DNA typing techniques are applicable in the specific case of kidneys transplantation for the determination of the DNA profile of both donor and recipient of the organ, so that so STRs and SNPs panels apt for Biogeographic Ancestry determination may represent fundamental resources in the fight against organ trafficking, particularly in cases of dubious origin of organs or in transplantation cases in which clear and comprehensive medical records of both patients and donors are not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical tools routinely used in forensic investigations may be employed for the identification of the unknown donor of an organ illegally acquired, representing an innovative sector of forensic genetics, unconventional but of great social impact nevertheless [64].…”

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of renal transplantation, the biological rationale behind the determination of an organ donors' BGA is the observation that the urine of the recipient subject contains cells both from the donor, which derive essentially from the transplanted kidney, and from the recipient's own lower urinary tract [64,67]. Additionally, given the SNPs variability between continental populations [68] and the development of technologies and methodologies for the study of panels of SNPs, some authors developed the idea of establishing genetic tests capable of differentiating the geographic origin of the two cell populations detectable in the urine of persons who have received a kidney transplant.…”

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent multicentre study [64], a total of 92 patients who had undergone a kidney transplant, were recruited at the Transplant Centre of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "Santa Maria Delle Scotte" in Siena, Italy (57 patients), and at the Nephrology Centre of the Hospital Clìnico Universitario in Santiago De Compostela, Spain (35 patients). Each patient provided a urine sample and an oral swab as a reference sample for the correct recipient's genotype.…”

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In any case, aiSNPs analysis through SBE techniques, such as in the study by Severini and colleagues [64] is feasible and of easy implementation in any forensic genetics laboratories that are already equipped for SNPs analysis or, in any case, it would not necessarily require the purchase of expensive equipment that might not be available to them, therefore making SBE methods a practical technique apt for widespread use.…”

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Establishing a missing person DNA Biobank as a form of human rights protection

Carnevali¹,

Severini²,

Margiotta³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Nowadays, organ transplantation is considered an established medical practice that, every year, improves the quality of life of thousands of patients. However, the increasing demands for kidney transplantation are in contrast with the global lack of organs. The imbalance between supply and demand for organs has created the basis for a highly profitable black market, placing illicit organ trafficking in the broader context of human trafficking. Currently, thanks to the advancements of the analytical techniques used in laboratories, forensic genetics is able to discriminate the geographical origin of genetically distinct populations. The recent availability of genetic data regarding many populations of the world and the concomitant development of technologies and methodologies that are appropriate for the study of panels of STRs and SNPs are fundamental resources in this direction. This type of analyses, together with the creation of missing person DNA databases, may be used in cases of dubious origin of organs or in transplantation cases in which clear and comprehensive medical records of patients and donors are not available. It can also establish a scientific tool useful to contrast the illegal traffic of human kidneys. In this article, we will discuss biological and ethical aspects of this interesting perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Application Of Ancestry-informative Genetic Marker Analy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Establishing a missing person DNA Biobank as a form of human rights protection

Carnevali¹,

Severini²,

Margiotta³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Forensically relevant SNaPshot® assays for human DNA SNP analysis: a review

2016

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Short tandem repeats are the gold standard for human identification but are not informative for forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers can be applied to both identification and FDP. The concept of DNA intelligence emerged with the potential for SNPs to infer biogeographical ancestry (BGA) and externally visible characteristics (EVCs), which together enable the FDP process. For more than a decade, the SNaPshot technique has been utilised to analyse identity and FDP-associated SNPs in forensic DNA analysis. SNaPshot is a single-base extension (SBE) assay with capillary electrophoresis as its detection system. This multiplexing technique offers the advantage of easy integration into operational forensic laboratories without the requirement for any additional equipment. Further, the SNP panels from SNaPshot assays can be incorporated into customised panels for massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Many SNaPshot assays are available for identity, BGA and EVC profiling with examples including the well-known SNPforID 52-plex identity assay, the SNPforID 34-plex BGA assay and the HIrisPlex EVC assay. This review lists the major forensically relevant SNaPshot assays for human DNA SNP analysis and can be used as a guide for selecting the appropriate assay for specific identity and FDP applications.

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Tráfico De Órgâos: O Que a Ciêcia Tem Discutido Até O Momento ?

Silva¹,

Stefanini²

2023

Direito E Práxis: Interfaces Entre a Norma Jurídica E a Realidade Social

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Objetivo: Investigar a produção científica acerca do tráfico de órgãos ao longo dos anos. Métodos: Visando alcançar o objetivo proposto, escolheu-se a pesquisa bibliométrica e a mineração de texto como métodos para a análise dos dados. Para tal, foi realizada busca na base de dados da Scopus utilizando a combinação de palavras-chaves “organ trafficking” AND “dark market” OR “dark web” OR “black market”. Resultados: foram encontrados 22 artigos científicos, sendo o ano de 2015 o de maior número de publicações. Observou-se que grande parte dos artigos científicos buscam compreender o tráfico de órgãos, principalmente relacionado ao tráfico de rins. Além disso, foi possível identificar a evolução do modo em que as transações são realizadas, tendo como destaque a dark web e as cripto moedas. Conclusão: Ainda que a temática tenha apresentado aumento nas publicações ainda se faz necessário novas pesquisas para que este problema seja mais bem compreendido e estratégias para sua redução sejam desenvolvidas.

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Use of ancestry-informative markers as a scientific tool to combat the illegal traffic in human kidneys

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Establishing a missing person DNA Biobank as a form of human rights protection

Establishing a missing person DNA Biobank as a form of human rights protection

Forensically relevant SNaPshot® assays for human DNA SNP analysis: a review

Tráfico De Órgâos: O Que a Ciêcia Tem Discutido Até O Momento ?

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