Use of banana leaf ash as partial replacement of Portland cement in eco-friendly concretes

Valorization of Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Slaker Grits and Biomass Fly Ash as Fillers in a Commercial Screed Mortar Formulation

“…The antagonistic behaviors verified in the mechanical properties by the increase in the percentage of the sieved ashes revealed that BFA2_S, not only for the physical effects but also for its chemical composition, increased the mechanical resistance of the samples, overcoming the diminution in OPC content and the slight increase in w/b. This suggests hydraulic or pozzolanic activity of this ash, as often referred to in the literature ([ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 15 ]). Sigvardsen et al [ 21 ] studied the phase and strength development of 10 wt.% substitution of cement by wood ash in cement pastes.…”

“…Biomass fly ashes (BFA) are removed from the flue gases, and bottom bed ashes are generated by the periodic bed discharges. In the literature, various studies report the development of cement-based materials with BFA incorporation as supplementary cementitious material [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], as aggregate replacement [ 8 ], or as filler [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. In the present work, the valorization of BFA as a filler was evaluated.…”

Effect of banana tree leaves ash as cementitious material on the durability of concrete against sulphate and acid attacks

“…In the past years, detailed research studies have revealed the potentials of incorporating mineral based materials in concrete or mortars to enhance their strength and durability and also to provide a sustainable means of construction [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] ]. This exploration has involved a wide range of organic materials with pozzolanic potential, including rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse ash [ [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], cotton stalk ash [ 22 , 23 ], palm oil ash [ [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ], wood ash [ [30] , [31] , [32] ], elephant grass ash [ 33 ], crushed walnut shell [ 34 ], olive waste ash [ 35 ], cattle manure ash [ 36 ], millet husk ash [ [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ] and, notably, banana leaf ash (BLA) [ 9 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…Amongst all these materials, what makes BLA stand out as a cement replacement material is its wide availability and lack of research done on it previously. Bearing in mind the enormous cultivation of banana fruit globally, which was recorded to be spread in over 5.2 million hectares in 2020 [ 43 ], Each banana plant generally gives a 1.34 kg yield of dried leaves [ 9 ]. In 2011 a massive 9.3 million tons of dried banana leaves were collected throughout the year [ 9 ], this shows the potential of obtaining banana leaves ash considering 10 % ash yield per kg of wasted leaves [ 9 ].…”

“…Until now numerous researches have confirmed the effectiveness of banana leaves ash as a supplementary cementitious material. J.C. Tavares et al [ 43 ] studied the result of substituting a part of cement with BLA in concrete. They replaced binder with various percentages of BLA such i.e.…”