Use of BaO-aided structural change of BaO–ZnO–TeO2 glass to enhance the optical properties of its doped activators by optimizing their surrounding ionic field

Debnath, Radhaballabh; Bose, Saptasree

doi:10.1007/s00339-020-03590-7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the high-frequency range of Figure 3, also appears a wide weak band around 700-800 cm −1 associated with [TeO 4 ] 4− trigonal bipyramids (tbp) and [TeO 3 ] 2 − trigonal pyramids (tp). 46,47 The finding is well consistent with the results found in XRD and SEM images.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

et al. 2021

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A detailed comparative analysis using alternative Cl compounds such as InCl 2 , MgCl 2 , SnCl 2 , and ZnCl 2 along with CdCl 2 was conducted in this study to assess their viability for the thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe films. Similar or even better structural and electrical properties were found upon using InCl 2 , MgCl 2 , and ZnCl 2 in thermal treatment than the conventional CdCl 2 . The film's bandgap is found to reduce upon the thermal treatment which varied in the range of 1.44-1.50 eV. A low amount of metal doping occurred in films' surfaces upon thermal treatment and influence the carrier concentration which varied from 7.32 × 10 15 -1.76 × 10 17 /cm 3 . The viability of the alternate materials was also investigated through the device simulation. All investigated results indicated that MgCl 2 and ZnCl 2 can be used in the current manufacturing technique instead of traditional CdCl 2 , which could reduce the environmental risk and production cost.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

et al. 2021

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“…It is stated in the Experimental Section that when Ba 2+ ions of a high BaO‐amount containing TeO 2 glass are substituted by ions of some activator, the ions experience greater crystal/ionic field and hence exhibit enhanced optical properties. [ 11 ] To check whether the transition strength of the inter Stark transitions of Yb 3+ ion of the present glass has actually gotten enhanced due to the larger ionic field of the host, we have calculated the absorption cross‐section ( σ abs ) of the 977 nm 2 F 7/2 (1) → 2 F 5/2 (5) and of the (996–998 nm) 2 F 7/2 (2) → 2 F 5/2 (5) Stark transitions of the ion. A comparative study of these data with similar those of the ion reported in the cases of other hosts, is shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] that the 150 cm −1 phonon mode of the present Yb 3+ ‐doped glass is mainly confined to the surrounding geometry of its Ba 2+ and of the Ba 2+ ‐substitutional Yb 3+ ions. [ 11 ] The vibrational mode with strong geometric confinement of a high‐symmetry solid is known to exhibit quantization effects creating an opportunity in optimization of interaction of light with such individual highly‐confined mode [13a] . Withdrawing kinetic energy of such mode of a high‐symmetry solid by laser cooling should therefore result in single‐mode cooling to temperatures much below its bulk temperature [13b] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ba 2þ ions of such a glass when substituted by some activator rare-earth ions of similar size, experience greater crystal/ionic field and hence exhibit enhanced optical properties. [11] With this knowledge in view, a ternary (TeO 2 -ZnO-BaO) tellurite glass composition containing 30 mol% of BaO was chosen to prepare the base glass and its different mol% (0.5-5.0) of YbO 3/2 doped glasses. All the ingredients of the glass used were of high purity grade (Sigma Aldrich).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ba 2+ ions of such a glass when substituted by some activator rare‐earth ions of similar size, experience greater crystal/ionic field and hence exhibit enhanced optical properties. [ 11 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phonon‐Assisted Anti‐Stokes Fluorescence of an Yb³⁺‐Doped Oxide Glass: Phononics and Spectroscopic Analysis of Its Prospects as Solid‐State Laser Cooler

Debnath

2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Phonon-assisted anti-Stokes fluorescence is observed in an Yb 3þ doped, 30 mol% BaO containing tellurite glass for the first time. Absorption, excitation, and the anti-Stokes fluorescence spectra of the glass show a phonon progression of 150 cm À1. The phonon is identified as the combined vibrational mode of rocking of the nonbridging oxygen atoms of both TeO 3 À and its dimer Te 2 O 5 2À units and the bending of the Te-O-Te linkage of the Te 2 O 5 2À units of the glass structure. These units are known to exist in plenty in such BaO-TeO 2 glasses with high BaO content. Association of the phonon modes with the absorption and anti-Stokes fluorescence spectra of Yb 3þ of the glass, strongly suggests that the phonon is coupled both with the 2 F 7/2 (1) ground and the 2 F 5/2 (5) excited states of the ion; and the observed anti-Stokes fluorescence originates through annihilation of the excited state manifolds of this coupled phonon. Phononics and spectroscopic analysis of the anti-Stokes fluorescence process suggest that the material should be prospective for use as solid-state laser cooler.

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Ultra-thin CdTe film properties enhancement via eco-friendly MgCl2-assisted thermal treatment

Islam,

Nur-E-Alam,

Hatta

et al. 2024

J Opt

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The thermal treatment of the CdTe thin film in the presence of CdCl2 is a crucial step in the creation of high-efficiency CdTe-based solar cells. The process influences the grain growth, grain boundary passivation, and doping, including CdTe recrystallization, and promotes to building of the photovoltaic junction. However, toxic Cd2+ ions released by the CdCl2, which is highly soluble in water is a major environmental concern of this process. Also, the price of CdCl2 (about 30 cents/gram) that drives up manufacturing costs is another limitation of the current processs. Finding a non-toxic Cl molecule is therefore currently in high demand and key factor for the thermal treatment of CdTe. In this study, MgCl2 was thoroughly explored as an alternative, non-toxic, and somewhat less expensive chlorine-containing chemical for CdTe thermal treatment. CdTe thin films, approximately 1.0 µm thick, were deposited on a glass substrate at 350 ºC using RF magnetron sputtering, and after deposition, different concentrations of MgCl2 (0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, and 0.5 M) mixed with 10% methanol were applied to the films for around 10 s, forming a thin MgCl2 coating, followed by the optimized heat treatment at 400 ºC in a nitrogen–oxygen environment. We found that the thermal treatment of CdTe films using MgCl2 showed improved crystallinity, surface morphology, impurity profiles, and carrier density similar to the conventional CdCl2 process. The sample treated with 0.4 M MgCl2 exhibited the best output as obtained the band gap of nearly 1.46 eV, a refractive index of 2.84, a carrier concentration of 9.81E+15 cm−3, and mobility 35.08 cm2/V-S with a moderate resistivity. Our findings show that MgCl2 could be utilized instead of traditional CdCl2 in the current fabrication procedure, which substantially lowers the environmental hazard with a cost-effective production process of CdTe-assembled solar cells.

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Use of BaO-aided structural change of BaO–ZnO–TeO2 glass to enhance the optical properties of its doped activators by optimizing their surrounding ionic field

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

Phonon‐Assisted Anti‐Stokes Fluorescence of an Yb³⁺‐Doped Oxide Glass: Phononics and Spectroscopic Analysis of Its Prospects as Solid‐State Laser Cooler

Ultra-thin CdTe film properties enhancement via eco-friendly MgCl2-assisted thermal treatment

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Use of BaO-aided structural change of BaO–ZnO–TeO2 glass to enhance the optical properties of its doped activators by optimizing their surrounding ionic field

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films

Phonon‐Assisted Anti‐Stokes Fluorescence of an Yb3+‐Doped Oxide Glass: Phononics and Spectroscopic Analysis of Its Prospects as Solid‐State Laser Cooler

Ultra-thin CdTe film properties enhancement via eco-friendly MgCl2-assisted thermal treatment

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Product

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Phonon‐Assisted Anti‐Stokes Fluorescence of an Yb³⁺‐Doped Oxide Glass: Phononics and Spectroscopic Analysis of Its Prospects as Solid‐State Laser Cooler