Use of BIM in Development of Smart Cities: A Review

Abstract

A smart city is a community that uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance the standard of community services and the health of people. The smart city concept takes into account the better engagement of its citizens for sustainable resource utilization, social and better relational capital while assuring its quality and performance. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a computer-aided modern parametric solution to revolutionize the decision-making process in the construction of energy-efficient buildings and smart cities. BIM enables design, development, operate and manage the construction endeavors cost-effectively while sharing and exchanging information to all the stakeholders involved. The practical implementation of BIM results in the mitigation of risks in the initial phases of the projects. This paper explores the components of a smart city concept using BIM and its various variants in the development of a smart city. The geographic information system (GIS) environment can aid in providing a suitable data management system in transportation design with minimum accidents, earthquake mitigation, and preventing fire hazards to build a smart city. The review highlights the various tools such as GIS, Building Energy Model (BEM) could be an innovative concept to make a smart city. The given review will help policymakers to adopt BIM on their way to build a sustainable, reliable, energy-efficient smart city construction.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis on the Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modeling for the Generation and Management of 3D Models

“…The collaboration between various stakeholders involved in a project consists of sharing data through interaction, communication, exchange, and coordination [9]. Feeding a model with existing data enables not only better visualization but also coordination between views and efficient construction management with considerable cost reduction, whether in the construction, rehabilitation, operation, or maintenance phase.…”

“…Smart city has been a well-adopted concept in urban development worldwide [45][46][47], being, by analogy, the "motherboard" where smart buildings should be inserted, generating a new public-private relationship [39]. It encompasses different definitions, but all of them share, as a basic pillar, the use of technology [27], constituting a facilitating element in the improvement of public services, sustainability, and efficiency [9]. Smart city 3D [37,48], part of the digital twin concept, which was introduced in 2003 within a manufacturing concept and life-cycle management [44,49].…”

“…Predicting maintenance through simulation [26,52] Integrally improving urban sustainability [20] Automate the production of 3D digital documentation Facilitating the improvement of public services Optimize, through HBIM, the management and maintenance of historic buildings Planning and managing the sustainability of cities [66,67] Sharing and exchange of information between BIM and geospatial objects [68] Improved 3D visualization and use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) [6,29] Organize in a 3D environment the information generated throughout the design and construction process [69] Reducing the time required for environmental impact assessment of projects [70][71][72] Enabling extended communication between stakeholders to manage a common data environment Create digital simulation models that are updated based on their physical counterparts [73] Managing public spaces [74,75] Designing smart neighborhoods in an ecological and efficient way [76][77][78][79][80] Sharing of information, knowledge and communications among all stakeholders [9] Enabling simulation of urban phenomena or designs based on a real city Infrastructure maintenance [75] Perform urban microclimate analysis [76] Integrating IoT Integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence…”

“…The GIS works as a geographic database, associating all the graphic objects of the digital map that conform it through a common identifier among them. Building information modeling (BIM) is a parametric, computer-aided solution developed to revolutionize the decision-making process during the life cycle of buildings and smart cities [8,9]. It is possible to consider BIM, despite having existed for more than a decade, as a relatively recent development [10,11], which is rapidly becoming popular because it enables the three-dimensional modeling of construction projects, facilitating the linking of all types of information (architectural, structural, facilities, etc.)…”

Intelligent Shared Bicycle Transportation Planning System Under the Concept of Green Transportation and Smart Cities

“…Determine the appropriate land scale to frame the travel behavior in the new ecological zone, combine the traffic conditions around the ecological new zone, and rationally divide various types of land; combine land use, and rationally lay out various traffic service facilities to make the land use functions of different levels and different functions complex, reducing unnecessary traffic demand from the source [4][5][6].…”