Use of Bio-Amp, a commercial bio-additive for the treatment of grease trap wastewater containing fat, oil, and grease

Assessing urban potential flooding risk and identifying effective risk-reduction measures

“…Survey to collate expert opinion from Australian utilities Östberg et al (2012) Tree roots Direct observation and CCTV Tang et al (2012) Fat, oil and grease (FOG) Sample collection Ten Veldhuis et al (2009)/ Ten Veldhuis et al (2011 Blocked or full gully pot; gully pot manifold blocked or broken; no outflow available from a pool to a rainwater facility; sewer overloading; sewer pipe blocked; drinking water pipe burst Database: network monitoring, municipal call centres, hydrodynamic models, fire brigade records and the media Verstraeten and Poesen (1999) Sediment; others solids Manager data collection Rodríguez et al (2012) Sediment City database (platform for collecting and handling customer complaints) Williams et al (2012) Fat, oil and grease (FOG) Sample collection would appear particularly complicated (the whole territory would need to be investigated) (Assmuth et al, 2010).…”

Waste fat biodegradation and biomodification by Yarrowia lipolytica and a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas putida

“…The main FAs were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, which have also been shown as principal long chain fatty acids of FOGs or other fatty wastes [9,24,50,51]. The main FAs were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, which have also been shown as principal long chain fatty acids of FOGs or other fatty wastes [9,24,50,51].…”

“…However, in general, the FA composition of the intra-cellular lipid of the yeast grown on fatty materials, resembles that of the culture medium [10,13,15,29,54]. Finally, Tang et al [9] reported that after the application of Bio-Amp, the unsaturated FAs may be transformed to their saturated intermediates before complete degradation takes place. Finally, Tang et al [9] reported that after the application of Bio-Amp, the unsaturated FAs may be transformed to their saturated intermediates before complete degradation takes place.…”

“…Butter as a "hard" fat (a fatty material that is relatively highly saturated) and olive oil as a "soft" fat (a highly unsaturated lipid), both deriving from a restaurant facility, were selected as suitable substrates that represented waste FOGs. The main FAs were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, which have also been shown as principal long chain fatty acids of FOGs or other fatty wastes [9,24,50,51]. Montet et al [52], Papanikolaou et al [11], Papanikolaou and Aggelis [20] and Lopez et al [46] noted the selective and rapid assimilation of the FA 9C18:1 as opposed to the FA C18:0 by strains of the yeast Y. lipolytica, a fact that was also validated in this study.…”

“…Most common approaches for FOG management prevent FOG entering the sewer [8]. Where FOG does enter the system, the use of bioaugmentation for FOG treatment at source results in a reduction of sewer line blockages [4,9]. Oleaginous microorganisms have been investigated for many years because of their properties and their potential application in industry and wastewater treatment [10][11][12][13][14].…”