Use of Biochar for Sustainable Ferrous Metallurgy

Ye, Lei; Peng, Zhiwei; Wang, Liancheng; Anzulevich, Anton P.; Bychkov, Igor V.; Калганов, Д. А.; Tang, Huarong; Rao, Mingjun; Li, Guanghui; Jiang, Tao

doi:10.1007/s11837-019-03766-4

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The battery scrap included a high concentration of carbon ( from both states, the dissolved oxides need to be reduced from the slag, typically by using fossilbased coke and the mechanically entrapped matte/metal droplets need to separate, grow and settle into the matte at the bottom of the furnace. Bio-based reductants are already considered as promising options to replace coal or coke in various metal reduction processes, including iron/steel making [12][13][14] and non-ferrous processing [15,16]. In ferrous metallurgy, the use of biochar or bio-coke (biochar mixed with coal) to replace partly or entirely the traditional coal/coke has become a research hotspot [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to estimations [1,6], 40-50% of the world's cobalt is a by-product of nickel production. Nickel sulfide concentrates (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) wt% Ni and 0.3-0.8 wt% Co [6,7]) are typically processed with pyrometallurgical techniques, such as the Direct Outotec Nickel technology (DON) [8,9]. The direct-to-nickel DON-technology is a flash smelting process combined with slag cleaning in an electric furnace (EF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ferrous metallurgy, the use of biochar or bio-coke (biochar mixed with coal) to replace partly or entirely the traditional coal/coke has become a research hotspot [14]. The properties of biochar, such as calorific value, fixed carbon content and impurities, rely highly on its biomass source but especially its production technology [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Scrap and Biochar Utilization for Improved Metal Recoveries in Nickel Slag Cleaning Conditions

et al. 2020

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Cobalt is a critical, high-value metal used extensively in batteries and other sustainable technologies. To secure its supply in future, it is utmost important to recover cobalt efficiently from industrial wastes and recycled End-of-Life batteries. This study aims at finding ways to improve the reduction of cobalt as well as valuable metals nickel and copper in nickel slag cleaning furnace conditions by using both traditional fossil-based coke and a more sustainable option, low-CO2 footprint biochar, as reductants. A cobalt-rich fraction of battery scrap (25.5 wt% Co) was also used as a secondary feed. The experimental technique consisted of reduction experiments with different times at 1400 °C under inert atmosphere, quick quenching and Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. The use of biochar resulted in faster reaction kinetics in the reduction process, compared to coke. Moreover, the presence of battery scrap had a clear impact on the behavior and reduction kinetics of the elements and/or enhanced settling and separation of matte and slag. The addition of scrap increased notably the distribution coefficients of the valuable metals but consequently also the iron concentration in matte which is the thermodynamic constraint of the slag cleaning process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Scrap and Biochar Utilization for Improved Metal Recoveries in Nickel Slag Cleaning Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Due to these various possibilities of feedstock and production parameter combinations, biochars constitute a versatile class of materials with multifunctional properties [4]. Research on biochar application comprises, among other things, the use as a soil amendment [5,6], in gas and water filtration [7], in metallurgy [8], or as electrode material for batteries and supercapacitors [9,10]. These different uses require biochar to possess application-specific properties to be efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you BET on routine? The reliability of N2 physisorption for the quantitative assessment of biochar’s surface area

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Wurzer

Arauzo

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…In research involving the use of straw-derived biochar, due to different combustibility of CB and biomaterial, there was a considerable degradation in sinter quality when more than 20 wt.% of CB was substituted [35]. In the review on biochar use in metallurgy [36], the authors state that the use of biochar in the sintering stage enabled higher sintering productivity, but led to weaker strength of sinter, which was opposite to the discussed research. However, the cases discussed in the review cover up to 40 wt.% share of biochar in the fuel stream.…”

Section: The Impact Of Biochars On Sintering Process Parameters and Sinter Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biochars in Iron Ores Sintering Process: Effect on Sinter Quality and Emission

et al. 2021

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The article presents results of the research on the use of chars produced during pyrolysis of residual biomass as a substitutional fuel in the iron ore sintering process. Such an approach allows to implement circular economy and industrial symbiosis to the iron and steel branches. The effect of the substitution of conventional coke breeze fuel used in sintering on final sinter quality and emission was examined. With regard to productivity, fuel consumption, and properties of the sinter it was shown that the share of tested biochars in fuel may be kept at 10, and up to 30 wt.%, depending on the biochar type. It was observed that with the use of the biochars, the content of iron oxide in the sinter decreased, which was advantageous. Moreover, the sinter obtained in the presence of biochars was characterized with better strength and abrasion than the sinter obtained with coke breeze-based fuel, improving the final product quality. The presence of biochar influenced the raw exhaust gas composition and resulted in a slight increase of organic and inorganic carbon compounds content, while the amount of sulfur oxides was noticeably decreased. It was concluded that the biochars may be applied in the sintering process at established share in the fuel stream.

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Use of Biochar for Sustainable Ferrous Metallurgy

Cited by 40 publications

References 68 publications

Battery Scrap and Biochar Utilization for Improved Metal Recoveries in Nickel Slag Cleaning Conditions

Battery Scrap and Biochar Utilization for Improved Metal Recoveries in Nickel Slag Cleaning Conditions

Do you BET on routine? The reliability of N2 physisorption for the quantitative assessment of biochar’s surface area

Biochars in Iron Ores Sintering Process: Effect on Sinter Quality and Emission

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