Use of biocides and insect repellents and risk of hypospadias

Dugas, Julien; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Martinez, David; Iszatt, Nina; Nelson, Paul David; Elliott, Paul

doi:10.1136/oem.2009.047373

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ecological studies aside, results were ambiguous; with three studies supporting a positive association (Agopian et al., 2013a; Carmichael et al, 2013; Giordano et al, 2010) and four studies negating it (Brouwers et al, 2007; Carbone et al, 2007; Dugas et al, 2010; Meyer et al, 2006). The primary risk factor was maternal exposure (Agopian et al, 2013a; Giordano et al, 2010).…”

Section: Urogenital Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities

Kalliora

Mamoulakis

Vasilopoulos

et al. 2018

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

109

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Human pesticide exposure can occur both occupationally and environmentally during manufacture and after the application of indoor and outdoor pesticides, as well as through consumption via residues in food and water. There is evidence from experimental studies that numerous pesticides, either in isolation or in combination, act as endocrine disruptors, neurodevelopmental toxicants, immunotoxicants, and carcinogens. We reviewed the international literature on this subject for the years between 1990 and 2017. The studies were considered in this review through MEDLINE and WHO resources. Out of the n = 1817 studies identified, n = 94 were reviewed because they fulfilled criteria of validity and addressed associations of interest. Epidemiological studies have provided limited evidence linking pre- and post-natal exposure to pesticides with cancers in childhood, neurological deficits, fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and congenital abnormalities (CAs). In this review, the potential association between pesticide exposure and the appearance of some human CAs (including among others musculoskeletal abnormalities; neural tube defects; urogenital and cardiovascular abnormalities) was investigated. A trend towards a positive association between environmental or occupational exposure to some pesticides and some CAs was detected, but this association remains to be substantiated. Main limitations of the review include inadequate exposure assessment and limited sample size. Adequately powered studies with precise exposure assessments such as biomonitoring, are warranted to clarify with certainty the potential association between pesticide exposure and human CAs.

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Section: Urogenital Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities

Kalliora

Mamoulakis

Vasilopoulos

et al. 2018

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

109

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“…Pregnant women may be concerned about using DEET or the other suggested compounds. The available data on toxic effects in humans and animals are reassuring for DEET (306)(307)(308)(309)(310)(311)(312), with the exception of the results of one animal study that assessed much higher doses than the normal human dose (313) and a retrospective human study that noted an association between hypospadias and insect repellent use during the first trimester of pregnancy (314). Interpretation of the latter study should be done with caution, as the methodology used cannot establish a causal relationship.…”

Section: Women Of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Patients Traveling Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYThe rapid spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its potential association with thousands of suspected cases of microcephaly in Brazil and higher rates of Guillain-Barré syndrome meet the conditions for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as stated by the World Health Organization in February 2016. Two months later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that the current available evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. Microcephaly can be caused by several factors, and its clinical course and prognosis are difficult to predict. Other pathogens with proven teratogenicity have been identified long before the current ZIKV epidemic. Despite the growing number of cases with maternal signs of infection and/or presence of ZIKV in tissues of affected newborns or fetuses, it is currently difficult to assess the magnitude of increase of microcephaly prevalence in Brazil, as well as the role of other factors in the development of congenital neurological conditions. Meanwhile, health agencies and medical organizations have issued cautious guidelines advising health care practitioners and expectant couples traveling to, returning from, or living in affected areas. Analogous to dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, ZIKV has the potential to become endemic in all countries infested byAedesmosquitoes, while new mutations could impact viral replication in humans, leading to increased virulence and consequently heightened chances of viral transmission to additional naive mosquito vectors. Studies are urgently needed to answer the questions surrounding ZIKV and its role in congenital neurological conditions.

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“…One study reported that maternal self‐reported use of biocides was associated with increased hypospadias risk (e.g., insect repellants, ant powder, flea and lice treatments; Dugas et al,2010). The exposures were not associated with increased risk when examined one at a time, with the exception of insect repellants (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.1 for any vs. no exposure).…”

Section: Endocrine Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and genetic contributors to hypospadias: A review of the epidemiologic evidence

Carmichael

Shaw

Lammer³

2012

Birth Defects Research

109

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This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias, the association of hypospadias with endocrine-disrupting exposures, and the potential contribution of genetic susceptibility to its etiology. The review focuses on epidemiologic evidence. Increasing prevalence of hypospadias has been observed, but such increases tend to be localized to specific regions or time periods. Thus, generalized statements that hypospadias is increasing are unsupported. Due to limitations of study designs and inconsistent results, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the association of endocrine-disrupting exposures with hypospadias. Studies with more rigorous study designs (e.g., larger and more detailed phenotypes) and exposure assessment that encompasses more breadth as well as depth (e.g., specific endocrine-related chemicals) will be critical to make better inferences about these important environmental exposures. Many candidate genes for hypospadias have been identified, but few of them have been examined to an extent that enables solid conclusions. Further studies are needed that include larger sample sizes, comparison groups that are more representative of the populations from which the cases were derived, phenotype-specific analyses, and more extensive exploration of variants. In conclusion, examining the associations of environmental and genetic factors with hypospadias remain important areas of inquiry, although our actual understanding of their contribution to hypospadias risk in humans is currently limited.

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Use of biocides and insect repellents and risk of hypospadias

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities

Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities

Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

Environmental and genetic contributors to hypospadias: A review of the epidemiologic evidence

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