Use of cavity ring‐down spectrometry to quantify <sup>13</sup>C‐primary productivity in oligotrophic waters

López-Sandoval, Daffne C.; Huertas, António Delgado; Carrillo-de-Albornoz, Paloma; Duarte, Carlos M.; Agustı́, Susana

doi:10.1002/lom3.10305

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…If we restrict our analysis to the first 100 m, autotrophic picoplankton biomass consistently exceeded that of heterotrophic prokaryotes biomass ( Fig. 7), suggesting that the upper central Red Sea would be a net autotrophic ecosystem over the entire annual cycle (i.e., primary production would exceed community respiration), in agreement with the recent study of López-Sandoval et al (2019). The major contributor to autotrophic picoplankton biomass was Prochlorococcus as in other oligotrophic waters (Wei et al, 2019;Zhang, Jiao & Hong, 2008), except in winter.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…There is little information about primary productivity (Qurban, Wafar & Heinle, 2019) and planktonic metabolism (López-Sandoval et al, 2019) in the Red Sea to allow an assessment of the seasonality of its metabolic balance (i.e., the periods of net autotrophy vs. net heterotrophy, García-Martín et al, 2019a;García-Martín et al, 2019b). We can still compare the respective biomasses of autotrophs and heterotrophs within the smaller size fraction, which collectively support to a large extent the higher trophic levels in oligotrophic environments.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7). It is noteworthy that KAEC station lies between the metabolically balanced or net heterotrophic in the northern Red Sea and the net autotrophic waters of its southern reaches (López-Sandoval et al, 2019). In any case, further studies are necessary to fully understand the functioning of the central Red Sea pelagic ecosystem by a comprehensive assessment of its matter and energy fluxes.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Al-Otaibi

Huete‐Stauffer

Calleja

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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The Red Sea is characterized by higher temperatures and salinities than other oligotrophic tropical regions. Here, we investigated the vertical and seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton. Using flow cytometry, we consistently observed five groups of autotrophs (Prochlorococcus, two populations of Synechococcus separated by their relative phycoerythrin fluorescence, low (LF-Syn) and high (HF-Syn), and two differently-sized groups of picoeukaryotes, small (Speuk) and large (Lpeuk)) and two groups of heterotrophic prokaryotes of low and high nucleic acid content (LNA and HNA, respectively). Samples were collected in 15 surveys conducted from 2015 to 2017 at a 700-m depth station in the central Red Sea. Surface temperature ranged from 24.6 to 32.6 °C with a constant value of 21.7 °C below 200 m. Integrated (0–100 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were low, with maximum values in fall (24.0 ± 2.7 mg m−2) and minima in spring and summer (16.1 ± 1.9 and 1.1 mg m−2, respectively). Picoplankton abundance was generally lower than in other tropical environments. Vertical distributions differed for each group, with Synechococcus and LNA prokaryotes more abundant at the surface while Prochlorococcus, picoeukaryotes and HNA prokaryotes peaked at the deep chlorophyll maximum, located between 40 and 76 m. Surface to 100 m depth-weighted abundances exhibited clear seasonal patterns for Prochlorococcus, with maxima in summer (7.83 × 104 cells mL−1, July 2015) and minima in winter (1.39 × 104 cells mL−1, January 2015). LF-Syn (0.32 – 2.70 × 104 cells mL−1 ), HF-Syn (1.11 – 3.20 × 104 cells mL−1) and Speuk (0.99 – 4.81 × 102 cells mL−1) showed an inverse pattern to Prochlorococcus, while Lpeuk (0.16 – 7.05 × 104 cells mL−1) peaked in fall. Synechococcus unexpectedly outnumbered Prochlorococcus in winter and at the end of fall. The seasonality of heterotrophic prokaryotes (2.29 – 4.21×105 cells mL−1 ) was less noticeable than autotrophic picoplankton. The contribution of HNA cells was generally low in the upper layers, ranging from 36% in late spring and early summer to ca. 50% in winter and fall. Autotrophs dominated integrated picoplankton biomass in the upper 100 m, with 1.4-fold higher values in summer than in winter (mean 387 and 272 mg C m–2, respectively). However, when the whole water column was considered, the biomass of heterotrophic prokaryotes exceeded that of autotrophic picoplankton with an average of 411 mg C m–2. Despite being located in tropical waters, our results show that the picoplankton community seasonal differences in the central Red Sea are not fundamentally different from higher latitude regions.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Al-Otaibi

Huete‐Stauffer

Calleja

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Here we report the variability of plankton community metabolism (GPP, CR, and NCP) along a latitudinal gradient in the Red Sea and examine if the temperature dependence of planktonic metabolic rates in this basin is consistent with those reported for the global ocean (López-Urrutia et al, 2006;Regaudie-de-Gioux and Duarte, 2013;García-Corral et al, 2017). We did so by conducting measurements as part of six surveys along the south-north latitudinal gradient in the Saudi Arabian economic exclusive zone in the Red Sea waters.…”

Section: C López-sandoval Et Al: Rates and Drivers Of Red Sea Plmentioning

confidence: 91%

Rates and drivers of Red Sea plankton community metabolism

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Abstract. Resolving the environmental drivers shaping planktonic communities is fundamental for understanding their variability, in the present and the future, across the ocean. More specifically, addressing the temperature-dependence response of planktonic communities is essential as temperature plays a key role in regulating metabolic rates and thus potentially defining the ecosystem functioning. Here we quantified plankton metabolic rates along the Red Sea, a uniquely oligotrophic and warm environment, and analysed the drivers that regulate gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and net community production (NCP). The study was conducted on six oceanographic surveys following a north–south transect along the Saudi Arabian coast. Our findings revealed that GPP and CR rates increased with increasing temperature (R2=0.41 and 0.19, respectively; p<0.001 in both cases), with a higher activation energy (Ea) for GPP (1.20±0.17 eV) than for CR (0.73±0.17 eV). The higher Ea for GPP than for CR resulted in a positive relationship between NCP and temperature. This unusual relationship is likely driven by the relatively higher nutrient availability found towards the warmer region (i.e. southern Red Sea), which favours GPP rates above the threshold that separates autotrophic from heterotrophic communities (1.7 mmol O2 m−3 d−1) in this region. Due to the arid nature, the basin lacks riverine and terrestrial inputs of organic carbon to subsidise a higher metabolic response of heterotrophic communities, thus constraining CR rates. Our study suggests that GPP increases steeply with increasing temperature in the warm ocean when relatively high nutrient inputs are present.

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“…There is little information about primary productivity (Qurban et al 2019) and planktonic metabolism (López-Sandoval et al 2019) in the Red Sea to allow an assessment of the seasonality of its metabolic balance (i.e., the periods of net autotrophy vs. net heterotrophy, García-Martín et al 2019a;García-Martín et al 2019b). We can still compare the respective biomasses of autotrophs and heterotrophs within the smaller size fraction, which collectively support to a large extent the higher trophic levels in oligotrophic environments.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Picoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea (v0.1)"

2020

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The Red Sea is characterized by higher temperatures and salinities than other oligotrophic tropical regions. Here, we investigated the vertical and seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton. Using flow cytometry, we consistently observed five groups of autotrophs [Prochlorococcus, two populations of Synechococcus separated by their relative phycoerythrin fluorescence, low (LF-Syn) and high (HF-Syn), and two differently-sized groups of picoeukaryotes, small (Speuk) and large (Lpeuk)] and two groups of heterotrophic prokaryotes of low and high nucleic acid content (LNA and HNA, respectively). Samples were collected in 15 surveys conducted from 2015 to 2017 at a 700-m depth station in the central Red Sea. Surface temperature ranged from 24.6 to 32.6°C with a constant value of 21.7°C below 200 m. Integrated (0-100 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were low, with maximum values in fall (24.0 ± 2.7 mg m-2) and minima in spring and summer (16.1 ± 1.9 and 1.1 mg m-2 , respectively). Picoplankton abundance was generally lower than in other tropical environments. Vertical distributions differed for each group, with Synechococcus and LNA prokaryotes more abundant at the surface while Prochlorococcus, picoeukaryotes and HNA prokaryotes peaked at the deep chlorophyll maximum, located between 40 and 76 m. Surface to 100 m depth-weighted abundances exhibited clear seasonal patterns for Prochlorococcus, with maxima in summer (7.83 × 10 4 cell mL-1 , July 2015) and minima in winter (1.39 × 10 4 cell mL-1 , January 2015). LF-Syn (0.32-2.70 × 10 4 cell mL-1), HF-Syn (1.11-3.20 × 10 4 cell mL-1) and Speuk (0.99-4.81 × 10 2 cell mL-1) showed an inverse pattern to Prochlorococcus, while Lpeuk (0.16-7.05 × 10 4 cell mL-1) peaked in fall. Synechococcus unexpectedly outnumbered Prochlorococcus in winter and at the end of fall. The seasonality of heterotrophic prokaryotes (2.29-4.21× 10 5 cell mL-1) was less noticeable than autotrophic picoplankton. The contribution of HNA cells was generally low in the upper layers, ranging from 36% in late spring and early summer to ca. 48-51% in winter and fall. Autotrophs dominated integrated picoplankton biomass in the upper 100 m, with 1.4-fold higher values in summer than in winter (mean 387 and 272 mg C m-2 , respectively). However, when the whole water column was considered, the biomass of heterotrophic prokaryotes exceeded that of autotrophic picoplankton with an average of 411 mg C m-2. Despite being located in tropical waters, our results show that the picoplankton community seasonal differences in the central Red Sea are not fundamentally different from higher latitude regions.

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Use of cavity ring‐down spectrometry to quantify ¹³C‐primary productivity in oligotrophic waters

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Rates and drivers of Red Sea plankton community metabolism

Peer Review #3 of "Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea (v0.1)"

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Use of cavity ring‐down spectrometry to quantify 13C‐primary productivity in oligotrophic waters

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea

Rates and drivers of Red Sea plankton community metabolism

Peer Review #3 of "Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea (v0.1)"

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Use of cavity ring‐down spectrometry to quantify ¹³C‐primary productivity in oligotrophic waters