Use of cellulose-based carbon aerogels as catalyst support for PEM fuel cell electrodes: Electrochemical characterization

Guilminot, Élodie; Fischer, Florent; Chatenet, Marian; Rigacci, Arnaud; Berthon‐Fabry, Sandrine; Achard, Patrick; Chaînet, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.084

Cited by 128 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hence, aerogels are found in a variety of applications including catalysts, fuel cell electrodes, cosmic dust collectors, insulation materials, and energy absorbers. [2][3][4][5] Aerogels can be prepared from a broad range of materials ranging from silica to cellulose. 2,[4][5][6] In particular, cellulose is well recognized as being a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer with high mechanical properties in its natural or derivatized forms and thus has potential for use in eco-friendly aerogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerocellulose based on all‐cellulose composites

Duchemin

Staiger

Tucker

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel aerogels (or aerocellulose) based on all-cellulose composites were prepared by partially dissolving microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an 8 wt % LiCl/DMAc solution. During this process, large MCC crystals and fiber fragments were progressively split into thinner crystals and cellulose fibrils. The extent of the transformation was controlled by using cellulose concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 wt % in the LiCl/DMAc solution. Cellulose gels were precipitated and then processed by freeze-drying to maintain the openness of the structure. The density of aerocellulose increased with the initial cellulose concentration and ranged from 116 up to 350 kg m À3 . Aerocellulose with relatively high mechanical properties were successfully produced. The flexural strength of the materials reached 8.1 MPa and their stiffness was as high as 280 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerocellulose based on all‐cellulose composites

Duchemin

Staiger

Tucker

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Therefore, activation processes for the composites should be carried out, leading to the modification of the structural surface and resulting in an increase in the volume of open pores, allowing unconstrained diffusion of ions into their interior, and consequently, increasing their activity. The trials of the carbon gel activation were so far conduced only through activation in a CO 2 atmosphere at different temperatures [29][30][31]. Carbon gels were also activated chemically with KOH and NaOH [32] or using high-energy ball milling [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of catalyst and heat treatment on the properties of carbon–metal composites

Osińska

2015

J Porous Mater

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Carbon gel and carbon-nickel-palladium doped gels (C-Ni-Pd) were prepared by carbonising resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) hydrogel and resorcinolformaldehyde-nickel-palladium (RF-Ni-Pd) hydrogels at 900°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. RF and RF-Ni-Pd hydrogels were synthesized through sol-gel polycondensation followed by ambient drying. The aim of this study was the determination of the effect of heat treatment in air at 450°C on the properties of C-Ni-Pd gels prepared using different Pd salts. In the present work, Ni was added as acetate whereas Pd was added as acetate (CA-Ni-Pd) and as chloride (CB-Ni-Pd). Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface area was characterized by N 2 adsorption at -195.5°C. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in order to determine the thermal characteristics of carbon gel and nickel-palladium composites in air atmosphere. CANi-Pd composite had a higher activity and two-phase reaction compared to the CB-Ni-Pd composite. Further improvement of the electrolyte diffusion into the particles of nickel and palladium was obtained by oxidative thermal treatment. During this process a structural modification of the material took place, consequently leading to changes in the electrochemical properties of the composites.

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“…As one of the most abundant materials on Earth, cellulose (and its derivatives) has received attention as a potential fuel for electricity generation in fuel cells [17,18] and as an additive in composite electrodes for fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors [19][20][21][22]. Cellulose has been particularly useful for the development of flexible devices [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and a number of wearable cellulose-based supercapacitors have been developed [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline- and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-cellulose nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors

Liew

Thielemans

Walsh

2014

J Solid State Electrochem

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CNXLs into the electrodepositing polymer film led to the formation of a porous polymer/CNXL nanocomposite structure. The films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis. The specific capacitances of the nanocomposite materials were higher than those of the CNXL-free counterparts (488 F g -1 for PANI/CNXL; 358 F g -1 for PANI; 69 F g -1 for PEDOT/CNXL; 58 F g -1 for PEDOT). The durability of the PANI/CNXL film under potential cycling was slightly better than that of the CNXL-free PANI, while the PEDOT film was slightly more durable than the PEDOT/CNX film. Using electrodeposition, it was possible to form thick PANI/CNXL films, with total electrode capacitances of 2.07 F cm -2 (and corresponding specific capacitances of 440 F g -1 ),demonstrating that this particular nanocomposite may be promising for the construction of high performance supercapacitors.

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Use of cellulose-based carbon aerogels as catalyst support for PEM fuel cell electrodes: Electrochemical characterization

Cited by 128 publications

References 35 publications

Aerocellulose based on all‐cellulose composites

Aerocellulose based on all‐cellulose composites

The effect of catalyst and heat treatment on the properties of carbon–metal composites

Polyaniline- and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-cellulose nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors

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