Use of cholinesterase activity as an indicator for the effects of combinations of organophosphorus pesticides in water from environmental sources

Tahara, Maiko; Kubota, Reiji; Nakazawa, Hiroyuki; Tokunaga, Hiroshi; Nishimura, Takuya

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.042

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous studies have also reported that the P = S structure of organophosphorus pesticides was easily converted to P = O structures on oxidation with chlorine during the water treatment process. 6,8,23,24) In this study, diazoxon and chloropyriphos-oxon were not quantitatively detected, but their presence at trace levels was confirmed by GC/MS. Thus, the increased ChEinhibiting activity observed in the drinking water concentrates might be because of organophosphorus pesticides with P = O structure.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Agrochemicals and Their Levels In River Amentioning

confidence: 54%

Cholinesterase-inhibiting Potentials of Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Extracts Collected from River and Drinking Waters in Northwest District of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Kanno

Nishi

Kishi

et al. 2010

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Amberlite XAD-2 resin extracts of river and drinking water sampled in each month during the period from January to December 2008 from the Northwest district of Chiba Prefecture were investigated to characterize and determine their cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting potentials and pesticide levels. The XAD-2 extracts from river water collected during the mid-spring to mid-summer periods exhibited strong inhibition effect to horse serum ChE, reflecting the application of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides to paddy fields. Gas chromatographicmass spectrometric (GC/MS) determinations of the XAD-2 extracts of the river water collected during spring to summer periods also showed to be comparatively high levels of agricultural chemicals, such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, as compared with those detected in the drinking water. Although a considerable reduction in the ChE-inhibiting potentials and in the GC/MS detectable compound levels was observed for the river water samples, it is particularly interest that ChE-inhibiting potentials still remained in the drinking water.

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Section: Characteristics Of Agrochemicals and Their Levels In River Amentioning

confidence: 54%

Cholinesterase-inhibiting Potentials of Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Extracts Collected from River and Drinking Waters in Northwest District of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Kanno

Nishi

Kishi

et al. 2010

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…It is known that the oxon forms of OPs are more toxic than their parent compounds. [6][7][8] These results highlight the necessity of detecting both forms to trace the presence of OPs and their oxons during the water treatment process.…”

Section: Behavior Of Ops Upon Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…They are activated to the oxon form with a P = O structure by an oxidation reaction and are known to have adverse effects on living organisms through the inhibition of acethylcholinesterase. [6][7][8][9][10] Numerous papers have described the simultaneous detection of parent OP compounds. 1,11,12) However, there are few reports detailing the simultaneous analysis of their oxon forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Active Oxon Forms of Nine Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Samples Using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection

Tahara

Kubota

Nakazawa

et al. 2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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We established a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and their active oxon forms in water samples using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with solid-phase extraction (SPE). In this method, the lower limit of detection for the nine oxons ranged from 0.5 to 20 ng/ml. Each calibration curve had good linearity, with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) greater than 0.991. In comparing three SPE cartridges, the recovery rate of these compounds extracted from water was highly reproducible using a cartridge of packed silica bonded with C 18 . The limit of quantification ranged from 2.5 to 200 ng/ml at 500-fold concentrations. When the OPs were examined after chlorination treatment to simulate the water treatment process, they decomposed rapidly and were converted to their oxon forms as primary reaction products of chlorination. Under these established analytical conditions, the behavior of oxons formed in the environment and after water treatment can be determined accurately.

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“…The four MPP oxide derivatives have not received careful evaluation as toxic agents since they are not used as pesticides. Thus, the three MPP oxons were evaluated for toxicity by in vitro system using cholinesterase activity as an indicator (Tahara et al, 2005). It was found out that MPP oxon sulfone has the most pronounced adverse effect followed by MPP oxon sulfoxide, and then MPP oxon.…”

Section: Toxicity Evaluation Of Mpp Oxide Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Fenthion Oxide Derivatives in Aqueous Environment

Tahara

Kubota

Shimizu

et al. 2010

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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Fenthion (MPP), an organophosphorus pesticide, is widely used as an agricultural and household insecticide. The oxons are known to be the actual toxic forms of organophosphorus pesticides. Using an in vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism system, MPP was metabolized to produce five metabolites: MPP sulfoxide, MPP sulfone, MPP oxon, MPP oxon sulfoxide and MPP oxon sulfone. MPP sulfoxide was the main product, while MPP oxon sulfone and the other metabolites were produced in small amounts. On the other hand, MPP was converted to MPP oxon sulfone by chlorination in a water purification system, raising the possibility of human exposure to MPP oxon sulfone through drinking water. MPP oxon sulfone showed the highest acute toxicity among MPP and its metabolites. In addition, MPP oxon sulfone was not metabolized by CYP3A4, the major CYP isomer in humans. It is important that MPP and its oxides are monitored and their health risk assessed to control drinking water safety because MPP was detected in river water.

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Use of cholinesterase activity as an indicator for the effects of combinations of organophosphorus pesticides in water from environmental sources

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Cholinesterase-inhibiting Potentials of Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Extracts Collected from River and Drinking Waters in Northwest District of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Cholinesterase-inhibiting Potentials of Amberlite XAD-2 Resin Extracts Collected from River and Drinking Waters in Northwest District of Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Analysis of Active Oxon Forms of Nine Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Samples Using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection

Risk Assessment of Fenthion Oxide Derivatives in Aqueous Environment

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